Floristic changes indicate a cooling climate in the Eocene of southern England

Collinson, Margaret E.; Fowler, K.; Boulter, M. C.

doi:10.1038/291315a0

Cited by 85 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…If the latter is true, it may be the result of the marked climatic deterioration during the Eocene-Oligocene period, which greatly reduced the number of thermophilic taxa in the Northern Hemisphere (Wolfe 1978;Collinson et al 1981;Manchester 1999;Tiffney and Manchester 2001). A similar pattern of regional extinction has been observed in the fossil record of some other genera such as Cyclocarya, Platycarya (Manchester 1987), and Tapiscia (Manchester 1988).…”

Section: Phytogeographical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Anatomically Preserved Seeds ofCorylopsis(Hamamelidaceae) from the Miocene of Yunnan, China, and Their Phytogeographic Implications

Zhao

2008

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Lignitized seeds from the Early to Middle Miocene of Yunnan Province, southwestern China, are assigned to the genus Corylopsis (Hamamelidaceae) on the basis of morphological and anatomical details. The seeds are ovoid, with a conspicuous sunken, asymmetrical hilar scar on the ventral side and a large hilar facet on the dorsal side. The seed coat is composed of a massive testa, consisting of exotesta, mesotesta, and endotesta, and a tegmen consists of one layer of columnar cells. A new species, Corylopsis tengchongensis Zhao et Li sp. nov., has been erected to accommodate them. The abundance of these seeds suggests that they represent plants that probably grew in a nearby swampy environment. While Corylopsis is an eastern Asian genus today, the fossil record documents that the genus had a wide geographical distribution during the Tertiary in Europe, North America, and Asia. The absence of Corylopsis in post-Eocene floras of North America and in post-Pleistocene floras of Europe suggests that the range of its distribution was reduced in response to the climatic cooling of the Eocene/Oligocene boundary and the Pleistocene glaciations, respectively. The new species confirms the unequivocal presence of Corylopsis in China in the Miocene. As the earliest evidence of Corylopsis in eastern Asia, these fossil seeds might shed light on the migration of this genus.

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Section: Phytogeographical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Anatomically Preserved Seeds ofCorylopsis(Hamamelidaceae) from the Miocene of Yunnan, China, and Their Phytogeographic Implications

Zhao

2008

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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“…During this period (the end of the Lutetian), artiodactyl diversity is the highest while several Palaeotheriidae lineages originated among the perissodactyls. These episodes of diversi®cation coincide with a¯oristic change that indicates a cooling and a drying around the MP 13/14 reference levels (Collinson et al, 1981;Janis, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Eocene–Oligocene ungulates from Western Europe and their environment

Blondel

2001

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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A survey of Paleogene ungulates from Western Europe is drawn up from the results of previous work on the ungulate lineages of this period and from new data on two groups particularly representative of the Oligocene ungulate fauna: the ruminants and the Cainotheriidae based on new material collected in localities of the Quercy Phosphorites. The history of ungulates from Western Europe at the Eocene±Oligocene transition is marked by different phases of extinction and origination related to environmental changes. In this perspective, the relative diversity of groups and the modi®cations of their tooth morphology, which re¯ect a diet change, resulting from vegetation modi®cations are analysed from the Early Eocene to the Late Oligocene. In Western Europe, the Late Eocene and the Early Oligocene was a period of transition with an important change in faunal and oral composition. The diversity analysis of ungulates suggests that the Grande Coupure is the result of gradual climatic and geographic events that occurred from the Middle Eocene (Mammalian Paleogene (MP)13/14 reference levels) to the Early Oligocene (MP 21/22 reference levels). During this period, it has been demonstrated that important adaptive changes occurred in the ungulate dental pattern (selenodonty in artiodactyls, semihypsodonty in perissodactyls), and appendicular skeleton (fusion of the cuboid and navicular bones of the tarsus in artiodactyls). These morphological modi®cations coincided with environmental changes that were less extreme than in North America. q

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“…We tested the reliability of Bibionidae as indicators of palaeotemperatures, comparing the variation of the ratio (number of specimens of other bibionid genera/ number of specimens of Plecia) to the temperatures curves of Chumakov (2004) and Zachos et al (2001). Th e compilation of the palaeoclimatic information allowed us to establish a table of the tendencies of the climatic evolution between the Late Cretaceous and the end of Pliocene, after all the continental indicators available in literature: fl ora, pollens, Carbonnel et al 1972;Frakes & Kemp 1972;Collinson et al 1981;Gruas-Cavagnetto & Cerceau-Larrival 1983-1984Ollivier-Pierre et al 1987;Gruas-Cavagnetto 1987;Roiron 1991;Krutzsch 1992; Barale et al 1992), as well as vertebrates (Carbonnel et al 1972;Legendre 1980Legendre , 1982Legendre , 1986Vianey-Liaud 1991;, and invertebrates (Gentilini 1991) (Annex 1). Based on this table, we make a fi rst discussion on the possibility of transfer of the marine information to the Western European continental climate.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

March flies and European Cenozoic palaeoclimates (Diptera: Bibionidae)

Collomb

Nel

Fleck

et al. 2008

Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.)

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The proportions of the different bibionid genera are used to estimate the temperature changes between the Late Eocene and the Late Miocene in Western Europe. The genus Plecia is a good indicator of the warm Cenozoic palaeoclimates. We propose a new approach for the estimation of the value of the palaeoclimatic information that could be obtained by actualistic inferences using extinct taxa. Other taxa (i.e. Mastotermitidae) that could appear a priori better palaeoclimatic indicators result to be less sensitive than bibionids to temperature changes. Intraspecifi c and intrageneric morphological diversity is explored for the genera Bibio, Penthetria and Plecia, showing the diffi culties to characterize the fossil bibionid species. Résumé. Les Bibionidae et le climat cénozoïque européen (Diptera).Les proportions des différents genres de Bibionidae sont utilisées afi n d'estimer les changements de temperatures entre l'Eocène terminal et le Miocène terminal en Europe de l'Ouest. Le genre Plecia s'avère un bon indicateur des paléoclimats chauds au Cénozoïque. Nous proposons une nouvelle approche d'estimation de la valeur des informations paléoclimatiques qui peuvent être obtenues par des inférences actualistes basées sur des taxons éteints. Des taxons (Mastotermitidae) qui peuvent apparaître a priori comme des indicateurs paléoclimatiques plus évidents que les Bibionidae sont en fait moins sensibles que ces derniers aux changements de température. La diversité morphologique intraspécifi que et intragénérique est explorée pour les genres Bibio, Penthetria et Plecia, montrant les diffi cultés de caractérisation des espèces fossiles dans cette famille.

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Floristic changes indicate a cooling climate in the Eocene of southern England

Cited by 85 publications

References 5 publications

Anatomically Preserved Seeds ofCorylopsis(Hamamelidaceae) from the Miocene of Yunnan, China, and Their Phytogeographic Implications

Anatomically Preserved Seeds ofCorylopsis(Hamamelidaceae) from the Miocene of Yunnan, China, and Their Phytogeographic Implications

The Eocene–Oligocene ungulates from Western Europe and their environment

March flies and European Cenozoic palaeoclimates (Diptera: Bibionidae)

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