Florigen in rice: complex gene network for florigen transcription, florigen activation complex, and multiple functions

Tsuji, Hiroyuki; Taoka, Ken‐ichiro; Shimamoto, Ko

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2013.01.005

Cited by 89 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Rice is a facultative short-day plant that flowers earlier in short days (SDs) than in long days (LDs). Heading date 3a (Hd3a) and RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (RFT1) are two paralogous genes in rice encoding "florigen" molecules expressed in the phloem of leaves and transported to the shoot apical meristem to promote flowering (Tamaki et al, 2007;Komiya et al, 2008Komiya et al, , 2009Tsuji et al, 2013). Heading date 1 (Hd1, counterpart of Arabidopsis [Arabidopsis thaliana] CONSTANS, CO), Days to heading 2 (DTH2, encoding another CO-like protein), and Early heading date 1 (Ehd1) regulate expression of these two "florigen" genes.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Ehd1 encodes a rice-specific B-type response factor that acts in both LDs and SDs to promote Hd3a and RFT1 mRNA expression, thus inducing floral initiation (Doi et al, 2004;Komiya et al, 2009;Sun et al, 2014). Many repressors or activators, including Ehd2, Ehd3, Ehd4, Ghd7, OsMADS51, OsLFL1, and OsPPR37/ DTH7, regulate the expression and activity of Ehd1 itself in day length-dependent or -independent manners (Doi et al, 2004;Kim et al, 2007;Peng et al, 2007;Xue et al, 2008;Wei et al, 2010;Matsubara et al, 2011;Koo et al, 2013;Tsuji et al, 2013;Yan et al, 2013;Kwon et al, 2015). It appears that Ehd1 is under the convergent regulation of SD activators, LD repressors, and photoperiod-independent regulators to control the heading date of rice in response to the internal development "clock" and environmental cues.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Drought-Inducible Transcription Factor Delays Reproductive Timing in Rice

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

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The molecular mechanisms underlying photoperiod or temperature control of flowering time have been recently elucidated, but how plants regulate flowering time in response to other external factors, such as water availability, remains poorly understood. Using a large-scale Hybrid Transcription Factor approach, we identified a bZIP transcriptional factor, O. sativa ABA responsive element binding factor 1 (OsABF1), which acts as a suppressor of floral transition in a photoperiod-independent manner. Simultaneous knockdown of both OsABF1 and its closest homologous gene, OsbZIP40, in rice (Oryza sativa) by RNA interference results in a significantly earlier flowering phenotype. Molecular and genetic analyses demonstrate that a drought regime enhances expression of the OsABF1 gene, which indirectly suppresses expression of the Early heading date 1 (Ehd1) gene that encodes a key activator of rice flowering. Furthermore, we identified a drought-inducible gene named OsWRKY104 that is under the direct regulation of OsABF1. Overexpression of OsWRKY104 can suppress Ehd1 expression and confers a later flowering phenotype in rice. Together, these findings reveal a novel pathway by which rice modulates heading date in response to the change of ambient water availability.Flowering time (or heading date) and drought resistance are two major yield traits in crops, especially rice (Oryza sativa). As global climatic change looms, drought has become the biggest abiotic stress to limit crop yields. Breeders have capitalized on naturally occurring genetic variations to improve or maintain crop yield in times or areas of drought by different strategies (Eisenstein, 2013). Manipulation of floral transition has been a promising way to maximize crop yield during dry periods. This strategy has been successful due to extensive identification of genetic loci and elucidation of molecular mechanisms that control flowering time under diverse or unpredictable environments.Heading date in rice is influenced by many environmental cues such as day length (photoperiod), temperature, nutrition, and water availability. Molecular mechanisms that underlie photoperiod regulation of flowering time have already been characterized, probably because day length is more predictable than other environmental factors during seasonal changes. Rice is a facultative short-day plant that flowers earlier in short days (SDs) than in long days (LDs). Heading date 3a (Hd3a) and RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (RFT1) are two paralogous genes in rice encoding "florigen" molecules expressed in the phloem of leaves and transported to the shoot apical meristem to promote flowering (Tamaki et al., 2007;

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

A Drought-Inducible Transcription Factor Delays Reproductive Timing in Rice

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

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“…The transition between the vegetative and reproductive phases is a key step as it is when plants accumulate enough reserves to accommodate pollination and seed production. In rice, the flowering time directly influences grain production (Tsuji et al, 2013). The rice-flowering pathway includes four different stages: inflorescence initiation, development of the floral organs, panicle extrusion, and flower opening (Yoshida and Nagato, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of a prediction model for the miRNA-based heading date characteristics of rice in the booting stage

Chen¹,

Lin²,

Chen³

et al. 2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world. In Taiwan, due to the warm climate, there are two harvests annually. However, the yield and quality of rice can vary between each crop season in any given year. Previous reports have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in many developmental and physiological processes in plants. In this study, the heading date characteristics of 167 rice cultivars from the second crop season were recorded, and 27 rice cultivars were selected for preliminary microarray analysis. A total of 14 miRNAs from different heading date characteristics in 21 cultivars were selected based on significant differences in their expression profiles. Using a correlation analysis between the heading date and selected miRNA expression obtained from real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, we developed a heading date prediction model. The model includes nine miRNA genes with corresponding R2 values of 0.8. To confirm the model, a real-time Y.C. Chen et al. 4382©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (2): 4381-4390 (2015) PCR analysis was performed on an additional 27 rice cultivars and we found the model predicted the heading date with accuracy. Therefore, the developed prediction may be useful in further studies aimed at confirming the reliability of the use of miRNA in molecular breeding and to increase the selection efficiency of rice cultivars and breeding.

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“…Two genes, GIGANTEA (GI) and CONSTANS (CO), promote flowering through the LD/photoperiodic pathway, while GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE (GAI) and FLOWERING CONTROL LOCUS A (FCA) are floral activator genes of the GA and autonomous/vernalization pathways, respectively. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is a floral hormone, florigen, which acts on downstream targets common to all three flowering pathways (Kardailsky et al 1999;Kobayashi et al 1999;Corbesier et al 2007;Tamaki et al 2007;Matsoukas et al 2012;Tsuji et al 2013). The genetic pathway GI-CO-FT plays a central role in the photoperiod-dependent acceleration of flowering in Arabidopsis (Mizoguchi et al 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Florigen is a plant hormone that accelerates flowering time (Matsoukas et al 2012;Tsuji et al 2013). FT encodes florigen, and many genes in the three major flowering pathways positively and negatively affect the gene expression of FT (Corbesier et al 2007;Kardailsky et al 1999;Kobayashi et al 1999;Tamaki et al 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Density effects on late flowering mutants of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> under continuous light

Yamamoto

Takahashi

Hara

et al. 2016

Plant Biotechnology

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In general, plant growth is inhibited under high-density conditions, while it is promoted under low-density conditions. This is known as the "density effect". Growing plants at high densities is often associated with an accelerated flowering time. Three major pathways [the long day (LD), gibberellic acid (GA), and autonomous/vernalization pathways] are known to play important roles in the control of flowering time. Circadian clock genes, namely, LHY, CCA1, GI, and ELF3, regulate the LD pathway. GAI and FCA control flowering via GA and autonomous pathways, respectively. The density effect on plant size is caused by specific factors such as the amount of nutrition obtained from the soil and touch frequency among plants. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the acceleration of flowering time due to density effects remains unclear. Here, we show the density effects on three Brassicaceae plants, namely, Brassica rapa var. nipposinica, Brassica napus, and Brassica chinensis f. honsaitai. They showed shorter stems and leaves when grown at high densities on soil under continuous light (LL). Shorter stems and leaves, as well as accelerated flowering times, were observed when a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, was grown under the same conditions. Unexpectedly, ethylene insensitive 2 (ein2) showed no differences in density effects in our experiments. The acceleration of flowering at higher densities was largely suppressed by gai, but not by gi, lhy;cca1, or fca. These results suggest that the promotion of flowering (as a density effect) is likely dependent on the GA pathway, but not the LD or autonomous pathways.

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Florigen in rice: complex gene network for florigen transcription, florigen activation complex, and multiple functions

Cited by 89 publications

References 55 publications

A Drought-Inducible Transcription Factor Delays Reproductive Timing in Rice

A Drought-Inducible Transcription Factor Delays Reproductive Timing in Rice

Establishment of a prediction model for the miRNA-based heading date characteristics of rice in the booting stage

Density effects on late flowering mutants of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> under continuous light

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