Florid Angiogenesis in Mucosa Surrounding an Ileal Carcinoid Tumor Expressing Transforming Growth Factor-α

Cai, Yun-Cai; Barnard, Graham F.; Hiestand, Lauren; Woda, Bruce A.; Colby, Jay M.; Banner, Barbara F.

doi:10.1097/00000478-199711000-00013

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This observation supports the hypothesis that the cell type responsible for small intestinal carcinoids has the highest propensity for the production of growth factors 45 , . 46 …”

Section: Small Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: current status of gastrointestinal carcinoids

Zhang

1999

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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Carcinoid tumours are enigmatic, slow growing malignancies which occur most frequently (74%) in the gastrointestinal tract. In recent years, it has become apparent that the term `carcinoid' represents a wide spectrum of different neoplasms originating from a variety of different neuroendocrine cell types. Carcinoid lesions are usually identified histologically by their affinity for silver salts, by general neuroendocrine markers, or more specifically by immunocytochemistry using antibodies against their specific cellular products. Within the gut, the most frequent sites are the small bowel (29%), the appendix (19%) and rectum (13%). Clinical manifestations are often vague or absent. Nevertheless, in approximately 10% of patients the tumours secrete bioactive mediators which may engender various elements of characteristic carcinoid syndrome. In many instances the neoplasms are detected incidentally at the time of surgery for other gastrointestinal disorders. The tendency for metastatic spread correlates with tumour size, and is substantially higher in lesions larger than 2.0 cm. An association with noncarcinoid neoplasms is ascribed in 8–17% of lesions. Treatment consists of radical surgical excision of the tumour, although gastric (type I and II) and rectal carcinoids may be managed with local excision. Overall 5‐year survival is excellent for carcinoids of the appendix (86%) and rectum (72%), whereas small intestinal (55%), gastric (49%) and colonic carcinoids (42%) exhibit a far worse prognosis.

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“…This observation supports the hypothesis that the cell type responsible for small intestinal carcinoids has the highest propensity for the production of growth factors 45 , . 46 …”

Section: Small Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: current status of gastrointestinal carcinoids

Zhang

1999

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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“…This could be due either to: (1) a direct chemotactic effect of TGF-α; (2) interaction of TGF-α with other growth factors or adhesion molecules; (3) a possible role of TGF-α in the induction of angiogenesis within the tumour, as previously suggested (Schreiber et al, 1986;Cai et al, 1997); (4) concomitant autocrine controlled proliferation and protection from apoptosis (Foster et al, 1999). Interestingly, in adenocarcinomas of the distal oesophagus, Sauter et al (1995) have shown that persistent or increased expression of TGF-α after neo-adjuvant therapy is related to poor prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Role and new perspectives of transforming growth factor-α (TGF- α) in adenocarcinoma of the gastro-oesophageal junction

D’Errico¹,

Barozzi²,

Fiorentino³

et al. 2000

Br J Cancer

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The incidence of gastro-oesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma is increasing in Western countries and prognosis is poor since metastasis is most often present at diagnosis. We examined samples from 87 resected type II GEJ adenocarcinomas, 30 of these with endoscopic diagnostic biopsy material, to evaluate transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) expression and p53 overexpression by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (for TGF-α), in relation to biological and clinical behaviour. TGF-α messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were detectable in neoplastic cells in 56% and 64% cases respectively. TGF-α mRNA was detected in intra- and peritumoral lymphocytes and those of metastatic lymph nodes. TGF-α protein expression was significantly associated with tumour progression ( P = 0.025) and lymph node metastasis ( P < 0.05). The strong TGF-α expression found in neoplastic cells inside blood and lymphatic vessels and in metastatic localizations suggests that TGF-α-positive GEJ adenocarcinomas could have a more aggressive biological phenotype. The expression of TGF-α mRNA and protein in both inflammatory and neoplastic cells indicates that TGF-α is directly synthesized by both cell compartments. Finally, since TGF-α expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, its detection in preoperative perendoscopic biopsies might identify patients with more aggressive tumours who may need additional therapy, including neo-adjuvant treatment. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign

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“…Anthony and Drury (1970) observed abnormal accumulations of elastin fibres within the intima of mesenteric blood vessels in association with small intestinal carcinoid tumours at distant sites leading to ischaemic necrosis and infarction. Cai and others (1997) observed the production of an angiogenic factor (growth factor α) by neuroendocrine cells, which leads to vascular proliferation (both locally and at distal sites), again potentially leading to gastrointestinal bleeding (McCluggage and others 1999). Finally, circulating vasoactive compounds, such as histamine in dogs (Clemencon and Lawson 1984) and serotonin in man (Ozdemir and others 1972), have been reported as potential inducers of gastric ulceration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An intestinal neuroendocrine tumour associated with paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia and melaena in a 10‐year‐old boxer

Tappin

Brown

Ferasin

2007

J of Small Animal Practice

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A 10-year-old female neutered boxer was presented with a five-week history of episodic collapse and melaena. Twenty-four-hour electrocardiograph (Holter) analysis revealed the collapsing episodes to coincide with episodes of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. Investigation of the dog's melaena revealed a gastric ulcer which was treated medically and an ileocaecal mass which was surgically excised. Histopathological examination of the mass was consistent with a neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumour. The patient's recovery after surgery was unremarkable. At six-week follow-up, there had been no further episodes of melaena or collapse and repeat Holter analysis did not show any significant abnormalities. In this dog the gastric ulceration and paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia could be attributed to a paraneoplastic syndrome as a result of circulating vasoactive substances released by the tumour; this is supported by the evidence that all clinical signs resolved after surgical excision of the mass and the dog was clinically well 18 months after surgery.

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Florid Angiogenesis in Mucosa Surrounding an Ileal Carcinoid Tumor Expressing Transforming Growth Factor-α

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Review article: current status of gastrointestinal carcinoids

Review article: current status of gastrointestinal carcinoids

Role and new perspectives of transforming growth factor-α (TGF- α) in adenocarcinoma of the gastro-oesophageal junction

An intestinal neuroendocrine tumour associated with paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia and melaena in a 10‐year‐old boxer

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