Floret anthesis and pollination in wild oats (<i>Avena fatua</i>)

Raju, M. V. S.; Jones, G. J.; Ledingham, George F.

doi:10.1139/b85-310

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…A number of studies report that reproduction patterns in this family vary according to latitude, ecology and climatology (Raju et al 1985;Connor 1986;Emberlin et al 1994). Emberlin et al (1999) studied regional variations in grass pollen seasons in UK, reporting that warmer weather in the early months of the year would influence net productivity and hence pollen production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in grass pollen season in southern Spain

et al. 2010

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The main characteristics of Poaceae pollen season at 8 sites in Andalusia were studied. Special attention was paid in the trends of grass pollen-season start and peak dates. Moreover, we analyse the intensity of the grass pollen season over the study period as well as potential temporal and spatial patterns in these data. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the possible influence of weather-related parameters on variations in the grass pollen season. Main results show an advance in the start and peak of grass pollen season and an increase in the annual Pollen Index and in the severity of the season (days [ 25 pollen grains/m 3 ). The future consequences of these changes in grass phenology could be related with changes in land use and also in pollinosis symptoms due to the higher concentrations recorded but also to the variations on pollen season dates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in grass pollen season in southern Spain

et al. 2010

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“…In about a day or two after heading, the florets in the spikelets begin to open (anthesis). Anthesis of florets in the entire panicle lasts for several days showing a basipetal maturationtrend wherein the florets in the distally placed spikelets open earlier than those in the more proximally placed spikelets on the panicle (Raju et al, 1985;Raju, 1990). As each spikelet contains two functional florets it opens twice.…”

Section: Floral Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The persistence of this annual weed is often attributed to its ability to produce abundant seeds (caryopses), which can survive in the soil for many years without losing their viability (Banting, 1966). The local species is predominantly self-fertilizing and very well adapted to the prairie conditions (Raju et al, 1985;Raju, 1990). The seeds of wild oats are known to possess a wide range of dormancy, consequently showing irregular or sporadic germination in the prairie soils (Naylor & Jana 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A histological study of the effect of glyphosate on seed development in the wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

Shuma

Raju

1993

Weed Research

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Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung Glyphosate was applied to panicles of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) before, at and after anthesis. The florets in spikelets exposed to the herbicide before, at and immediately after anthesis produced seeds with abnormal embryos and endosperm. Histological and embryological studies showed that in all cases the chemical did not stop the normal process of double fertilization in the florets. The zygote divided, but did not proceed beyond the proembryo stage. The development of both the proembryo and the endosperm was abnormal. The proembryos and the early stages of embryos showed no normal provascular or vascular tissue differentiation. Externally also there was no proper development of embryo parts, such as the scutellum, epiblast, shoot and root apices. The embryonic tissues showed considerable obliteration and shrinkage and the nuclei in cells appeared small and shrunken. The cells, especially in the meristem regions, appeared lacunose. The embryo and the endosperm in the caryopses treated with glyphosate 9 days after anthesis or later, were morphologically and structurally very similar to those of the controls of comparable age. It was concluded that the greater the delay of glyphosate application after anthesis, the less was the effect on seed development. Une étude histologique de l'effet du glyphosate sur le developpement des graines de folle avoine (Avena fatua L.) Du glyphosate a été appliquéà des panicules de folle avoine (Avena fatua L.), avant, pendant et après l'anthèse. Les fleurs dans les epillets exposés à l'herbicide avant, et pendant immédiatement après l'anthese ont donné des graines avec des embryons et des endospermes anormaux, Des études histologiques et embryologiques ont montré que dans tous les cas le produit n'a pas arrêté le processus normal de double fertilisation au niveau des florets. Le zygote s'est divisé mais n'a pas été au‐delà du stade proembryon, Les développements du proembryon et de l'endosperme ont été anormaux. Les proembryons et les stades précoces des embryons n'ont pas montré de différenciations normales des tissus provasculaires ou vasculaires, Extérieurement également, il n'y a pas eu un développement plus correct des parties embryonnaires comme le scutellum, epiblast les ébauches racinaires et tigellaires. Leurs tissus embryonnaires ont montré des manques considérables et des rétrécissements et les noyaux dans les cellules sont apparus petits et rétrécis. Les cellules, particulièerement dans les régions méristématiques semblaient pleines de lacune. L'embryon et l'endosperme chez les caryopses traités au glyphosate 9 jours après l'anthèse ou plus tard, étaient structurellement et morphologiquement très voisins de ceux des témoins à un âge comparable. II en est conclu que plus le délai après l'anthèse de l'application du glyphosate était élevé, moins l'effet était fort sur le développement de la graine. Eine histologische Untersuchung der Wirkung von Glyphosat auf die Samenbildung des Flug‐Hafers (Avena fatua L.) Glyphosat wurde auf die Risp...

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“…The first method involved hand pollination of emasculated panicles (Brown 1980). Wild oat anthers have been reported to dehisce in the afternoon (Raju et al 1985); therefore, growth room lights were switched on and the daytime temperature cycle began at 0200 so that hand pollination could begin at about 0900. Anthers began to dehisce approximately 6 h after the lights in the growth room switched on and continued to dehisce for about 3 h. The second crossing method used was the approach method described by McDaniel et al (1967).…”

Section: Population Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of multiple herbicide resistance in wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

Karlowsky¹,

Brûlé‐Babel²,

Friesen³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2006. Inheritance of multiple herbicide resistance in wild oat (Avena fatua L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 317-329. To gain some insight into the surprisingly frequent occurrence of multiple herbicide resistant wild oat in western Canada, the inheritance of multiple herbicide resistance was studied in two wild oat (Avena fatua L.) populations, UMWO12-01 and UMWO12-03, from Manitoba, Canada. Both populations are resistant to each of three distinct herbicides, imazamethabenz-methyl, flamprop-methyl, and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (hereafter referred to as imazamethabenz, flamprop, and fenoxaprop-P, respectively). Crosses were made between each resistant (R) population and a susceptible (S) wild oat population (UM5) (R/S crosses), and between the two resistant populations (R/R crosses). Subsets of parental, F 2 plants, and F 2 -derived F 3 (F 2:3 ) families were treated separately with each of the three herbicides and classified as R or S for individual plants, and homozygous R, segregating, or homozygous S for F 2:3 families. F 2 plants and F 2:3 families from R/S crosses segregated in 3R:1S and 1 homozygous R:2 segregating:1 homozygous S ratios, respectively. These ratios indicate that a single dominant or semi-dominant nuclear gene controls resistance to each of these herbicides in each population. F 2 plants and F 2:3 families from R/R crosses segregated for resistance/susceptibility when treated with either imazamethabenz or flamprop. Therefore, the genes for resistance to these two herbicides are different in each R population. Individual F 2:3 family response demonstrated that the genes were not independent of each other, indicating possible linkage between the genes for resistance to each herbicide. Genetic linkage could explain how the wild oat populations developed multiple resistance in the absence of selection by two of the herbicides, imazamethabenz and flamprop. . Les auteurs ont croisé chaque population résistante (R) avec une population sensible (S) (UM5) (croisements R/S) et les deux populations résistantes entre elles (croisements R/R). Des sous-groupes composés de plants parentaux, de plants de la F 2 et de familles F 3 issues de la F 2 (F 2:3 ) ont été traités séparément avec chacun des trois herbicides, puis chaque plant a été classé R ou S ou R homozygote, ségré-gant ou S homozygote, pour les familles F 2:3 . Les ratios de ségrégation des plants de la F 2 et des familles F 2:3 des croisements R/S s'établissaient respectivement à 3R:1S et à 1 homozygote R :2 ségrégant:1 homozygote S. Ces ratios indiquent qu'un seul gène dominant ou mi-dominant dans le noyau commande la résistance à chaque herbicide au sein de chaque population. Le traitement des plants de la F 2 et des familles F 2:3 des croisements R/R à l'imazaméthabenz ou au flamfrop entraîne la ségrégation pour la résistance/sensibilité. On en conclut que les gènes codant la résistance à ces deux herbicides diffèrent dans chaque population R. La réaction distincte des familles F 2:3 révèle que les gènes ne sont pas indépendants, signe qu'il pourrait...

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Floret anthesis and pollination in wild oats (Avena fatua)

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Trends in grass pollen season in southern Spain

Trends in grass pollen season in southern Spain

A histological study of the effect of glyphosate on seed development in the wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

Inheritance of multiple herbicide resistance in wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

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