Floral sexuality and breeding system in gum karaya tree, Sterculia urens

Sunnichan, V. G.; Ram, H. Y. Mohan; Shivanna, K. R.

doi:10.1007/s00606-003-0095-x

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The trees remain leafless during the whole of the flowering and fruiting period. The only other species which showed broad synchrony in the timing of flowering and fruiting in all the three study sites was Sterculia urens (Sunnichan, Mohan Ram & Shivanna, 2004). An interesting feature was that three trees from the GG population were male sterile throughout the duration of this investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although apomixis is prevalent in some members of Burseraceae (Gupta et al ., 1996; Cortez‐Palomec et al ., 1999), present investigations have clearly shown that apomixis is absent in B. serrata . Numerous studies have shown that outcrossing is a significant reproductive strategy in tropical trees (Zapata & Arroyo, 1978; Baker, Bawa & Opler, 1983; Frankie et al ., 1983; Sunnichan et al ., 2004). A number of tropical trees producing bisexual flowers are self‐incompatible (Bawa, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproductive biology of Boswellia serrata, the source of salai guggul, an important gum-resin

Sunnichan

Ram

Shivanna

2005

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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Detailed studies were carried out on the phenology, floral biology, pollination ecology and breeding system of Boswellia serrata Roxb. (Burseraceae) the source of 'salai guggul'. The trees remain leafless during the entire period of flowering and fruiting. The inflorescence is a terminal raceme and produces up to 90 bisexual, actinomorphic flowers. On average a flower produces 10 044 ± 1259 starch-filled pollen grains. About 85% of the fresh pollen grains are viable; the pollen to ovule ratio is 3348 : 1. The stigma is of the wet papillate type. The style is hollow with three flattened stylar canals filled with a secretion product. The stylar canals are bordered by a layer of glandular canal cells. The inner tangential wall of the canal cells shows cellulose thickenings. The ovary is trilocular and bears three ovules, one in each locule. Flowers offer nectar and pollen as rewards to floral visitors. The giant Asian honey bee ( Apis dorsata ) and A. cerana var. indica (Indian honey bee) are the effective pollinators. The species is selfincompatible and the selfed pollen tubes are inhibited soon after their entry into the stigma. Self-pollen tubes develop a characteristic 'isthmus' as a result of enlargement of the tube soon after emergence through the narrow germ pore. Cross-pollinated flowers allowed normal pollen germination and pollen tube growth, and resulted in fruitand seed-set. Under open pollination fruit-set was only about 10%. Although manual cross-pollinations increased fruit set, it was only up to about 20%. Low fruit set appears to be the result of inadequate cross-pollination and other constraints, presumably limitation of available nutrients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive biology of Boswellia serrata, the source of salai guggul, an important gum-resin

Sunnichan

Ram

Shivanna

2005

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…(Tandon, Shivanna & Mohan Ram, ) and Sterculia urens Roxb. (Sunnichan, Mohan Ram & Shivanna, ). Although the pollen tubes in bael are completely inhibited in the basal region of the style, the rejection reaction appears to initiate much earlier, possibly at the beginning of the style.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-incompatibility and post-fertilization maternal regulation cause low fecundity inAegle marmelos(Rutaceae)

Bhardwaj

Tandon

2013

Bot J Linn Soc

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Outbreeding confers an evolutionary advantage, and flowering plants have evolved a variety of contrivances for its maximization. However, neither fruit set nor seed set is realized to its fullest potential for a variety of reasons. The causes of low flower to fruit and seed to ovule ratios were investigated in naturally occurring bael trees (Aegle marmelos) at two sites for three seasons. The study established that the mass effect of synchronized flowering attracted a variety of insect pollinators to the generalist flowers; Apis dorsata was the most efficient pollinator. The seed to ovule ratio was low despite high natural pollination efficiency (c. 2400 pollen per stigma). Although pollination-induced structural and histochemical changes in the style allowed many (9.5 ± 2.1) pollen tubes to grow, only cross-pollen tubes could grow through the style. Gametophytic self-incompatibility, manifested in the stylar zone, resulted in a significantly slower growth rate of self-pollen tubes. The occurrence of obligate selfincompatibility, coupled with increased self-pollen deposition (geitonogamy), caused a significant number of flowers to abort. Fruit retention in the trees declined from 40% to 12% as a result of abortion of fruits at different stages of development. The number of mature fruits on a tree was negatively correlated (r = −0.82) with their size. It is inferred that low natural fecundity in A. marmelos is primarily a result of obligate self-incompatibility and strong post-fertilization maternal regulation of allocation of resources to the developing fruits.

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“…In Actinidia polygama (Actinidiaceae) and Sterculia urens (Malvaceae), vestigial stamen removal in functionally female fl owers signifi cantly reduced seed set in both these species due to lower pollinator visitation ( Kawagoe and Suzuki, 2004 ;Sunnichan et al, 2004 ). Morphologically hermaphroditic fl owers of T. striata are functionally female and do not have male function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Sterculia urens (Malvaceae), functionally female fl owers produce similarly sized stamens containing the same amount of pollen with the same appearance as stamens of male fl owers, but the anthers do not dehisce, and the pollen does not germinate on receptive stigmas ( Sunnichan et al, 2004 ). In Sterculia urens (Malvaceae), functionally female fl owers produce similarly sized stamens containing the same amount of pollen with the same appearance as stamens of male fl owers, but the anthers do not dehisce, and the pollen does not germinate on receptive stigmas ( Sunnichan et al, 2004 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Morphological and functional sex expression in the Malagasy endemic Tina striata (Sapindaceae)

Vary

Sakai

Weller

2011

American J of Botany

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Floral sexuality and breeding system in gum karaya tree, Sterculia urens

Cited by 28 publications

References 37 publications

Reproductive biology of Boswellia serrata, the source of salai guggul, an important gum-resin

Reproductive biology of Boswellia serrata, the source of salai guggul, an important gum-resin

Self-incompatibility and post-fertilization maternal regulation cause low fecundity inAegle marmelos(Rutaceae)

Morphological and functional sex expression in the Malagasy endemic Tina striata (Sapindaceae)

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