Floral Scent Compounds of Primula forbesii

Jia, Yin; Hu, Di; Liu, Sicen; Jiang, Fuxing

doi:10.1007/s10600-017-2172-3

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…A linear regression analysis showed a 95% correlation between RNA–seq and qRT–PCR data (R = 0.95) ( Figure 6 b), indicating that the transcriptome data were reliable. Furthermore, the FPKM values of most of the 12 genes exhibited a low–high–low trend during flower opening–full flowering–end flowering stages, consistent with a previous study of terpenes emission in P. forbesii [ 31 ]. Therefore, these 12 DEGs may be involved in synthesizing terpenoids in P. forbesii .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Terpenoids are the most important components of the VOCs in P. forbesii [ 31 ], leading to the analysis of KEGG annotation regarding terpenoid biosynthesis. Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis (Ko00900), monoterpenoid biosynthesis (Ko00902), sesquiterpenoid, and triterpenoid (Ko00909) revealed 44 unigenes putatively involved in terpenoid biosynthesis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pairwise comparison identified 2313–7540 DEGs in the four flowering stages, indicating the complex regulatory machinery involved in flower blooming. Interestingly, the KEGG enrichment results showed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, not terpenoid biosynthesis, was present in most flowering stage comparisons, probably because the main terpenoids were highly expressed across all the flowering stages [ 31 ]. Such an in-depth study of the mechanism of phenylpropanoid synthesis is essential for future research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Linalool, a terpene compound, is a key floral component of P. forbesii . In addition, the diversity and content of phenylpropanoid compounds also increased with the blooming of flowers [ 31 ]. However, there are no reports on the molecular mechanisms of the floral aroma metabolism of Primula plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Aroma Terpeniods Biosynthesis Pathways of Primula forbesii Franch. and the Functional Characterization of the PfDXS2 Gene

Yin

Yang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Primula forbesii Franch. is a unique biennial herb with a strong floral fragrance, making it an excellent material for studying the aroma characteristics of the genus Primula. The floral scent is an important ornamental trait that facilitates fertilization. However, the molecular mechanism regulating the floral scent in Primula is unknown. In order to better understand the biological mechanisms of floral scents in this species, this study used RNA sequencing analysis to discuss the first transcriptome sequence of four flowering stages of P. forbesii, which generated 12 P. forbesii cDNA libraries with 79.64 Gb of clean data that formed 51,849 unigenes. Moreover, 53.26% of the unigenes were annotated using public databases. P. forbesii contained 44 candidate genes covering all known enzymatic steps for the biosynthesis of volatile terpenes, the major contributor to the flower’s scent. Finally, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase gene of P. forbesii (PfDXS2, MK370094), the first key enzyme gene in the 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway of terpenoids, was cloned and functionally verified using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGs). The results showed that PfDXS2-silencing significantly reduced the relative concentrations of main volatile terpenes. This report is the first to present molecular data related to aroma metabolites biosynthesis pathways and the functional characterization of any P. forbesii gene. The data on RNA sequencing provide comprehensive information for further analysis of other plants of the genus Primula.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Aroma Terpeniods Biosynthesis Pathways of Primula forbesii Franch. and the Functional Characterization of the PfDXS2 Gene

Yin

Yang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…In long-homostyles, both anthers and stigmas are placed high in the corolla-tube (HO-morph from here on; Figure 1), facilitating self-pollination. Hence, homostyles can produce seeds in the absence of pollinators, enabling reproductive assurance (Carlson, Gisler, & Kelso, 2008;de Vos, Keller, Isham, Kelso, & Conti, 2012;Jia, Hu, Liu, & Jiang, 2017;Piper et al, 1984;Yuan et al, 2017), and have higher selfing rates than heterostyles (Belaoussoff & Shore, 1995;Husband & Barrett, 1993;Schoen, Johnston, L'Heureux, & Marsolais, 1997;Yuan et al, 2017;Zhou et al, 2017;Zhong et al, 2019). Consequently, the transition from heterostyly to homostyly provides an ideal model to study shifts of mating systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different molecular changes underlie the same phenotypic transition: origins and consequences of independent shifts to homostyly within species

Mora‐Carrera

Stubbs

Keller

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The molecular basis of phenotypic convergence, a key topic in evolutionary biology and ecology, has been investigated especially between species. However, it remains unclear whether mutations in the same or different positions of the same gene, or in different genes underlie phenotypic convergence within species. A classic example of convergence is the transition from outcrossing to selfing in plants, illustrated by the repeated shift from heterostyly to homostyly. Heterostyly is characterized by the reciprocal position of male and female sexual organs in two (or three) distinct, incompatible floral morphs, while homostyly is characterized by a single, self-compatible floral morph. Primula has long served as the prime model for studies of heterostyly and homostyly. Here, we elucidate the phenotypic and molecular origins of homostyly in P. vulgaris and its microevolutionary consequences by integrating microsatellite analyses of both progeny arrays and natural populations characterized by varying frequencies of homostyles with DNA sequence analyses of the gene controlling the position of female sexual organs (CYPᵀ). We found that: homostyles evolved repeatedly from short-styled individuals in association with different types of loss-of-function mutations in CYPᵀ and, consequently, short-styled individuals occur at lower frequencies than long-styled individuals across populations with all three morphs; the shift to homostyly promotes a shift to selfing; and intra-population frequency of homostyles is positively correlated with selfing rate and inbreeding level, increasing genetic differentiation among populations. These results elucidate the connections between the genotypic and phenotypic levels of convergence and the effects of contrasting floral morphologies on reproductive strategies.

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Reference gene selection and validation by qRT-PCR during flower development and in different organs of Primula forbesii

Yin

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2019

The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology

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Floral Scent Compounds of Primula forbesii

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Aroma Terpeniods Biosynthesis Pathways of Primula forbesii Franch. and the Functional Characterization of the PfDXS2 Gene

Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Aroma Terpeniods Biosynthesis Pathways of Primula forbesii Franch. and the Functional Characterization of the PfDXS2 Gene

Different molecular changes underlie the same phenotypic transition: origins and consequences of independent shifts to homostyly within species

Reference gene selection and validation by qRT-PCR during flower development and in different organs of Primula forbesii

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