Floral quartets

Theißen, Günter; Saedler, Heinz

doi:10.1038/35054172

Cited by 771 publications

(422 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…How MPF2 became an integral part of the male fertility program during the evolution of Physalis and how it performs this function is not clear. Protein-protein interaction studies might reveal whether or not MPF2 replaces a component in the ''floral quartets'' (18). The transition from the fertility system in the progenitor, which still needs to be identified, to the fertility system of Physalis is the next challenge in understanding the sequence of events in the evolution of the morphological novelty termed the ICS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterotopic expression of MPF2 is the key to the evolution of the Chinese lantern of Physalis , a morphological novelty in Solanaceae

Saedler

2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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186

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Morphological novelties arise through changes in development, but the underlying causes of such changes are largely unknown. In the genus Physalis, sepals resume growth after pollination to encapsulate the mature fruit, forming the ''Chinese lantern,'' a trait also termed inflated-calyx syndrome (ICS). STMADS16, which encodes a MADS-box transcription factor, is expressed only in vegetative tissues in Solanum tuberosum. Its ortholog in Physalis pubescens, MPF2, is expressed in floral tissues. Knockdown of MPF2 function in Physalis by RNA interference (RNAi) reveals that MPF2 function is essential for the development of the ICS. The phenotypes of transgenic S. tuberosum plants that overexpress MPF2 or STMADS16 corroborate these findings: these plants display enlarged sepals. Although heterotopic expression of MPF2 is crucial for ICS, remarkably, fertilization is also required. Although the ICS is less prominent or absent in the knockdown transgenic plants, epidermal cells are larger, suggesting that MPF2 exerts its function by inhibiting cell elongation and promoting cell division. In addition, severely affected Physalis knockdown lines are male sterile. Thus, heterotopic expression of MPF2 in floral tissues is involved in two novel traits: expression of the ICS and control of male fertility. Sequence differences between the promoter regions of the MPF2 and STMADS16 genes perhaps reflect exposure to different selection pressures during evolution, and correlate with the observed differences in their expression patterns. In any case, the effects of heterotopic expression of MPF2 underline the importance of recruitment of preexisting transcription factors in the evolution of novel floral traits.MADS-box gene ͉ morphological novelties ͉ inflated-calyx syndrome

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these functions are mediated by MADS-box proteins. Their modular action is best described in the ''floral quartet'' hypothesis (18). The composition of oligomers in the functional complex determines the nature of the organ formed.…”

Section: Mads-box Gene ͉ Morphological Novelties ͉ Inflated-calyx Synmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotopic expression of MPF2 is the key to the evolution of the Chinese lantern of Physalis , a morphological novelty in Solanaceae

Saedler

2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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186

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“…Based on the results of these studies, a Quartet model for MADS-box transcription factor functioning was proposed in which the identity of each floral organ is controlled by a set of four MADSbox proteins (Theissen and Saedler, 2001). A central factor in these complexes is the E-class protein, represented by SEP1/SEP2/SEP3 in Arabidopsis (Honma and Goto, 2001) and FBP2/FBP5 in petunia .…”

Section: Cdm Protein Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of Four Chrysanthemum MADS-Box Genes, Belonging to the APETALA1/FRUITFULL and SEPALLATA3 Subfamilies

et al. 2004

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Four full-length MADS-box cDNAs from chrysanthemum, designated Chrysanthemum Dendrathema grandiflorum MADS (CDM) 8, CDM41, CDM111, and CDM44, have been isolated and further functionally characterized. Protein sequence alignment and expression patterns of the corresponding genes suggest that CDM8 and CDM41 belong to the FRUITFULL (FUL) clade, CDM111 is a member of the APETALA1 (AP1) subfamily, and CDM44 is a member of the SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) subfamily of MADS-box transcription factors. Overexpression of CDM111 in Arabidopsis plants resulted in an aberrant phenotype that is reminiscent of the phenotype obtained by ectopic expression of the AP1 gene. In addition, CDM111 was able to partially complement the ap1-1 mutant from Arabidopsis, illustrating that CDM111 is the functional equivalent to AP1. Yeast two-and three-hybrid studies were performed to investigate the potential protein interactions and complexes in which these chrysanthemum MADS-box proteins are involved. Based on these studies, we conclude that CDM44 is most likely the SEP3 functional equivalent, because the CDM44 protein interacts with CDM proteins of the AP1/FUL and AG subfamilies, and as a higher order complex with the heterodimer between the presumed B-type CDM proteins.

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“…The developmental genetic regulators specifying their organ identity are well characterized [1][2][3] . However, it is important to elucidate the genetic basis regulating organ size, especially the fruits and seeds [4][5][6] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Regulatory change at Physalis Organ Size 1 correlates to natural variation in tomatillo reproductive organ size

Wang

et al. 2014

Nat Commun

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The genetic basis of size variation in the reproductive organs of tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica) is unknown. Here we report that the expression levels of the gene Physalis Organ Size 1 (POS1) are positively associated with size variation in P. philadelphica reproductive organs such flowers, berries and seeds. POS1 knockdown results in smaller flowers and berries with smaller cells as compared with their wild-type counterparts. Conversely, POS1 overexpression promotes organ size without increasing the cell number. The first introns of the POS1 alleles from the large, intermediate and small tomatillo groups contain one, two and three 37-bp repeats, respectively. Furthermore, our results show that copy variation of repeats in the first intron of POS1 alleles results in differential expression of this gene. Thus, co-variation in tomatillo reproductive organ sizes can be attributed to the novel regulatory variation in POS1.

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Floral quartets

Cited by 771 publications

References 10 publications

Heterotopic expression of MPF2 is the key to the evolution of the Chinese lantern of Physalis , a morphological novelty in Solanaceae

Heterotopic expression of MPF2 is the key to the evolution of the Chinese lantern of Physalis , a morphological novelty in Solanaceae

Identification and Characterization of Four Chrysanthemum MADS-Box Genes, Belonging to the APETALA1/FRUITFULL and SEPALLATA3 Subfamilies

Regulatory change at Physalis Organ Size 1 correlates to natural variation in tomatillo reproductive organ size

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