Floral organ- and temperature-dependent regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Cymbidium hybrid flowers

Nakatsuka, Takashi; Suzuki, Tomohiro; Harada, Kenji; Kobayashi, Yuki; Dohra, Hideo; Ohno, Hajime

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110173

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Levya et al ., 1995) and repression by high ambient temperatures (e.g. Nakatsuka et al ., 2019) are observed in many plant species, it will be interesting to test the role of the COP1‐HY5 module in the temperature response of anthocyanin biosynthesis in other plants.…”

Section: Environmental Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repressors of anthocyanin biosynthesis

2021

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Anthocyanins play a variety of adaptive roles in both vegetative tissues and reproductive organs of plants. The broad functionality of these compounds requires sophisticated regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway to allow proper localization, timing, and optimal intensity of pigment deposition. While it is well-established that the committed steps of anthocyanin biosynthesis are activated by a highly conserved MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) protein complex in virtually all flowering plants, anthocyanin repression seems to be achieved by a wide variety of protein and small RNA families that function in different tissue types and in response to different developmental, environmental, and hormonal cues. In this review, we survey recent progress in the identification of anthocyanin repressors and the characterization of their molecular mechanisms. We find that these seemingly very different repression modules act through a remarkably similar logic, the so-called "double negative logic". Much of the double-negative regulation of anthocyanin production involves signal-induced degradation or sequestration of the repressors from the MBW protein complex. We discuss the functional and evolutionary advantages of this logic design compared with simple or sequential positive regulation. These advantages provide a plausible explanation to why plants have evolved so many anthocyanin repressors.

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Section: Environmental Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repressors of anthocyanin biosynthesis

2021

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“…Betacyanins and betaxanthins were monitored based on absorbance values measured at 538 and 470 nm, respectively. Anthocyanin and flavonol contents were measured as described by Nakatsuka et al (2019). Betalain, anthocyanin, and flavonol concentrations were evaluated based on the total peak area of each wavelength.…”

Section: Flavonoid and Betalain Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additional betalain accumulation by genetic engineering leads to a novel flower color in lisianthus (<i>Eustoma grandiflorum</i>)

Tomizawa

Ohtomo

Asai

et al. 2021

Plant Biotechnology

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Betalains, comprising violet betacyanins and yellow betaxanthins, are pigments found in plants belonging to the order Caryophyllales. In this study, we induced the accumulation of betalains in ornamental lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) by genetic engineering. Three betalain biosynthetic genes encoding CYP76AD1, dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) 4,5-dioxygenase (DOD), and cyclo-DOPA 5-O-glucosyltransferase (5GT) were expressed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter in lisianthus, in which anthocyanin pigments are responsible for the pink flower color. During the selection process on hygromycin-containing media, some shoots with red leaves were obtained. However, most red-colored shoots were suppressed root induction and incapable of further growth. Only clone #1 successfully acclimatized and bloomed, producing pinkish-red flowers, with a slightly greater intensity of red color than that in wild-type flowers. T 1 plants derived from clone #1 segregated into five typical flower color phenotypes: wine red, bright pink, pale pink, pale yellow, and salmon pink. Among these, line #1-1 showed high expression levels of all three transgenes and exhibited a novel wine-red flower color. In the flower petals of line #1-1, abundant betacyanins and lowlevel betaxanthins were coexistent with anthocyanins. In other lines, differences in the relative accumulation of betalain and anthocyanin pigments resulted in flower color variations, as described above. Thus, this study is the first to successfully produce novel flower color varieties in ornamental plants by controlling betalain accumulation through genetic engineering.

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“…In Phalaenopsis, three MYB transcription factors determine full-red pigmentation, red spots, and venation patterns (Hsu et al, 2015). A recent study in C. hybrids also indicated that CyMYB1 regulates temporal-and temperature-dependent anthocyanin accumulation in petals (Nakatsuka et al, 2019). In C. kanran, we also isolated several differentially expressed MYB genes by Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications transcriptome analysis and attempted to reveal the molecular mechanism of MYB genes regulating pigmentation patterning, which may provide genetic resources for C. kanran molecular breeding in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthocyanin Genes Involved in the Flower Coloration Mechanisms of Cymbidium kanran

Zhou

Zhen

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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The Orchidaceae, otherwise known as orchids, is one of the largest plant families and is renowned for its spectacular flowers and ecological adaptations. Various polymorphisms of orchid flower colour can attract pollinators and be recognised as valuable horticultural ornamentals. As one of the longest historic cultured orchids, Cymbidium kanran has been domesticated for more than 2,500 years and is an ideal species to study coloration mechanisms because of plentiful variations in floral coloration and abundant traditional varieties. In this study, we used two distinct colour-type flowers of C. kanran as experimental materials to elucidate the mechanism of flower coloration. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that anthocyanins in purple-red-type flowers include three types of anthocyanidin aglycones, peonidin, malvidin, and cyanidin, whereas anthocyanins are lacking in white-type flowers. Through comparative transcriptome sequencing, 102 candidate genes were identified as putative homologues of colour-related genes. Based on comprehensive correlation analysis between colour-related compounds and gene expression profiles, four candidates from 102 captured genes showed a positive correlation with anthocyanidin biosynthesis. Furthermore, transient expression of CkCHS-1, CkDFR, and CkANS by particle bombardment confirmed that recovery of their expression completed the anthocyanin pathway and produced anthocyanin compounds in white-type flowers. Collectively, this study provided a comprehensive transcriptomic dataset for Cymbidium, which significantly facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of regulating floral pigment accumulation in orchids.

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Floral organ- and temperature-dependent regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Cymbidium hybrid flowers

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

Repressors of anthocyanin biosynthesis

Repressors of anthocyanin biosynthesis

Additional betalain accumulation by genetic engineering leads to a novel flower color in lisianthus (<i>Eustoma grandiflorum</i>)

Anthocyanin Genes Involved in the Flower Coloration Mechanisms of Cymbidium kanran

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