Floral Induction and Development in Winter Wheat<sup>1</sup>

Ahrens, J. F.; Loomis, W. E.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1963.0011183x000300060001x

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…3), similar to that found in studies of wheat (Ahrens and Loomis, 1963;Chujo, 1966;Trione and Metzger, 1970;Rawson et al, 1998). Temperatures as high as 16°C have been reported to accelerate flowering via the vernalization pathway in Arabidopsis (Wollenberg and Amasino, 2012).…”

Section: Photoperiod and Temperature Influence On Floweringsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Several studies have defined a range of temperatures that satisfy the vernalization requirement in different plant species or accessions within a species (Ahrens and Loomis, 1963;Chujo, 1966;Trione and Metzger, 1970;Rawson et al, 1998;Wollenberg and Amasino, 2012). To define the temperature range effective for Brachypodium spp.…”

Section: Temperature Range Of the Vernalization Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of Photoperiod and Vernalization Determines Flowering Time of Brachypodium distachyon

et al. 2013

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Timing of flowering is key to the reproductive success of many plants. In temperate climates, flowering is often coordinated with seasonal environmental cues such as temperature and photoperiod. Vernalization is an example of temperature influencing the timing of flowering and is defined as the process by which a prolonged exposure to the cold of winter results in competence to flower during the following spring. In cereals, three genes (VERNALIZATION1 [VRN1], VRN2, and FLOWERING LOCUS T [FT]) have been identified that influence the vernalization requirement and are thought to form a regulatory loop to control the timing of flowering. Here, we characterize natural variation in the vernalization and photoperiod responses in Brachypodium distachyon, a small temperate grass related to wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare). Brachypodium spp. accessions display a wide range of flowering responses to different photoperiods and lengths of vernalization. In addition, we characterize the expression patterns of the closest homologs of VRN1, VRN2 (VRN2-like [BdVRN2L]), and FT before, during, and after cold exposure as well as in different photoperiods. FT messenger RNA levels generally correlate with flowering time among accessions grown in different photoperiods, and FT is more highly expressed in vernalized plants after cold. VRN1 is induced by cold in leaves and remains high following vernalization. Plants overexpressing VRN1 or FT flower rapidly in the absence of vernalization, and plants overexpressing VRN1 exhibit lower BdVRN2L levels. Interestingly, BdVRN2L is induced during cold, which is a difference in the behavior of BdVRN2L compared with wheat VRN2 during cold.

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Section: Photoperiod and Temperature Influence On Floweringsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Temperature Range Of the Vernalization Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Photoperiod and Vernalization Determines Flowering Time of Brachypodium distachyon

et al. 2013

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“…Shoot biomass accumulated mostly (about 85%) after flowering in both cultivars (Figure 1). Low N did not affect the number of reproductive structures at early phases of development (i.e., apex change) as it did in other crops, such as wheat (Arhens and Loomis 1963) and sunflower (Steer, Hocking, and Low 1985). This suggests that early N supply may play a small role in the maintenance of reproductive sinks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Comparative Growth of Oilseed and Textile Flax under Different Nitrogen Supplies

Giménez

Sorlino

Trápani

2007

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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The objective of this work was to compare and characterize the response to nitrogen (N) supply of a textile and an oilseed cultivar of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). The dynamics of growth, biomass partitioning, growth rates, and leaf area evolution and duration of the cultivars Omega (oilseed) and Diane (textile) were compared under three rates of N supply. Plants were grown in pots in the field with nil (N1), 2.5 (N2), and 5 g N per pot (N3); N2 and N3 doses were divided into five applications. Shoot biomass of N2 and N3 treatments was similar in both cultivars and significantly higher than in N1. Partitioning of biomass was unaffected by N treatment but showed contrasting patterns between cultivars. The oilseed cultivar produced 30 -42% more reproductive biomass and 18-30% less stem biomass than its textile counterpart. Differences between cultivars in these traits increased with increasing N rate. Maximum growth rates per plant concentrated around 15728Cd after sowing (fructification). Faster leaf senescence after flowering contributed to the lower leaf area and leaf biomass of the textile cultivar.The availability of N at different specific moments of the plant cycle would be useful to improve the growth of organs of economic interest. Results can also provide useful information to future nutrition models and breeding programs in textile and oilseed flax.

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“…Studies show that vernalization of winter wheat occurs between 0 ~ and 11 ~ with an optimum at 3 ~ (Evans et al, 1975) for a duration of 6 to 8 weeks (Ahrens and Loomis, 1963). In regions such as California where winter temperatures rarely satisfy these requirements, spring wheat is sown in the fall and harvested in early sunmler.…”

Section: Vernalization Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential CO2-induced climate effects on North American wheat-producing regions

Rosenzweig

1985

Climatic Change

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The environmental requirements for growth of winter, spring, and faUsown spring wheats in North America are specified and compared to temperature results from the control run of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model (GISS GCM) and observed precipitation in order to generate a simulated map of current wheat production regions. The simulation agrees substantlally with the actual map of wheat-growing regions in North America. Results from a doubled CO2 run of the climate model are then used to generate wheat regions under the new climatic conditions. In the simulation, areas of production increase in North America, particularly in Canada, due to increased growing degree units (GDU). Although wheat classifications may change, major wheat regions in the United States remain the same under simulated doubled CO2 conditions. The wheat-growing region of Mexico is identified as vulnerable due to high temperature stress. Higher mean temperatures during wheat growth, particularly during the reproductive stages, may increase the need for earlier-maturing, more heat-tolerant cultivars throughout North, America. The soil moisture diagnostic of the climate model is used to analyze potential water availability in the major wheat region of the Southern Great Plains.

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Floral Induction and Development in Winter Wheat¹

Cited by 39 publications

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Interaction of Photoperiod and Vernalization Determines Flowering Time of Brachypodium distachyon

Interaction of Photoperiod and Vernalization Determines Flowering Time of Brachypodium distachyon

Comparative Growth of Oilseed and Textile Flax under Different Nitrogen Supplies

Potential CO2-induced climate effects on North American wheat-producing regions

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Floral Induction and Development in Winter Wheat1

Cited by 39 publications

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Interaction of Photoperiod and Vernalization Determines Flowering Time of Brachypodium distachyon

Interaction of Photoperiod and Vernalization Determines Flowering Time of Brachypodium distachyon

Comparative Growth of Oilseed and Textile Flax under Different Nitrogen Supplies

Potential CO2-induced climate effects on North American wheat-producing regions

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Floral Induction and Development in Winter Wheat¹