Floral Development of Hydrocharis Morsus‐ranae (Hydrocharitaceae)

Scribailo, Robin W.; Posluszny, Usher

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1985.tb08421.x

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Elodea, Hydrilla), whereas Vallisneria has a normal pedicel. However, in Limnobiurn and Hydrocharis the carpels are clearly united, to a lesser extent perhaps also in some other genera (Jitariu, 1952;Kaul, 1968;Cook & Luond, 198213;Cook & Urmi-Konig, 1983;Scribailo & Posluszny, 1985). The carpels are either completely plicate (symplicate) (Elodea) or basally ascidiate (synascidiate) (Hydrocharis, Stratiotes).…”

Section: Butomaceae (Alismatales)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gynoecium diversity and systematics in basal monocots

Igersheim

Buzgo

Endress

2001

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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Gynoecium and ovule structure was comparatively studied in representatives of the basal monocots, including Acorales (Acoraceae), Alismatales (Araceae, Alismataceae, Aponogetonaceae, Butomaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Juncaginaceae, Iimnocharitaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Scheuchzeriaceae, Tofieldiaceae), Dioscoreales (Dioscoreaceae, Taccaceae), and Triuridaceae as a family of uncertain position in monocots. In all taxa studied the carpels or gynoecia are closed at anthesis. This closure is attained in different ways: (1) by secretion without postgenital fusion (Araceae, Hydrocharitaceae); (2) by partly postgenitally fused periphery but with a completely unfused canal (Alismataceae, Aponogetonaceae, Butomaceae, Limnocharitaceae, Scheuchzeriaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Taccaceae); (3) by completely postgenitally fused periphery but with an unfused canal in the centre (Acoraceae, Tofieldiaceae); (4) by complete postgenital fusion and without an (unfused) canal (Juncaginaceae, Potamogetonaceae). In many Alismatales (but without Araceae) carpels have two lateral lobes. The stigmatic surface is restricted to the uppermost part of the ventral slit (if the carpel is plicate); it is never distinctly double-crested (Butomaceae?). Stigmas are commonly unicellular-papillate and secretory in most taxa. The locules are filled with a (often) mucilaginous secretion in a number of taxa. Superficial (probably intrusive) ethereal oil cells were found in the carpel wall of Acorus granaineus (as in Piperales!). Idioblasts in carpels are otherwise rare. A number of basal monocots has orthotropous ovules, which is perhaps the plesiomorphic condition in the group. The presence of almost tenuinucellar (pseudocrassinucellar) ovules is relatively common (Acoraceae, many Araceae, some Alismatales s.s.), whereas completely tenuinucellar ovules are rare and do not characterize larger groups. However, crassinucellar ovules occur in the largest number of families among the study group (basal Araceae, many Alismatales s.s.) The outer integument is always annular in orthotropous ovules. The inner integument is often lobed and it mostly forms the micropyle, whereas the outer integument is always unlobed. Gynoecium structure supports the isolated position of Acoraceae as sister to all other monocots. However, in an overall view, if compared with all other families, Acoraceae clearly shows the greatest similarities with Araceae.

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Section: Butomaceae (Alismatales)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gynoecium diversity and systematics in basal monocots

Igersheim

Buzgo

Endress

2001

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…(Charlton, ); Limnocharitaceae: Hydrocleys Rich. (Sattler & Singh, ); Butomaceae: Butomus umbellatus L. (Sattler, ; Singh & Sattler, ; Charlton, ); Hydrocharitaceae: Hydrocharis morsus‐ranae L. (Scribailo & Posluszny, ); Vallisneria rubra (Rendle) Les & S.W.L.Jacobs (as Maidenia rubra Rendle) (McConchie, ); Aponogetonaceae: Aponogeton L.f. (Singh & Sattler, ); Ruppiaceae: Ruppia occidentalis (Pentagna) Grande and R. maritima L. (Kaul, ; Lacroix & Kemp, ); Tofieldiaceae: Tofieldia Huds. (Remizowa, Sokoloff & Rudall, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of angiospermy development before carpel sealing across living angiosperms: diversity, and morphological and systematic aspects

Endress

2015

Bot J Linn Soc

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Almost all angiosperms are angiospermous, i.e. the ovules are enclosed in carpels at anthesis and during seed development, but angiospermy develops in different ways across angiosperms. The most common means of carpel closure is by a longitudinal ventral slit in carpels that are partly or completely free. In such carpels, the closure process commonly begins at midlength of the prospective longitudinal slit and then proceeds downward and upward. Closure by a transverse slit is rarer, but it is prominent in groups of the ANITA grade and in a few early branching monocots (some Alismatales) and some early branching eudicots (a few Ranunculaceae and Nelumbonaceae), in these eudicots combined with a more or less developed longitudinal slit. In all these cases the carpels have a single ovule in ventral median position. In ANITA lines with pluriovulate carpels, there is only a short longitudinal slit in the uniformly ascidiate carpels. In carpels with a unifacial style the closure area is narrow; this pattern is rare and scattered mainly in some wind-pollinated monocots and eudicots. In most angiosperms the carpels become closed before the ovules are visible from the outside of the still incompletely closed carpels (early carpel closure). This is notably the case in the ANITA grade and magnoliids. Delayed carpel closure, with the ovules visible before the carpels are closed, is much rarer and is concentrated in a few monocots (mainly some Alismatales and some Poales) and a few eudicots (mainly a few Ranunculales and many Caryophyllales, and scattered in some other eudicots). A kind of delayed carpel closure (with the placenta visible before closure but mostly not the ovules) also occurs in syncarpous gynoecia with a free central placenta. Most gynoecia with a free central placenta occur in the superasterids. In such gynoecia the individual carpel tips are not differentiated but the opening in young gynoecia has the shape of a circular diaphragm. In this case, when ovary septa and free carpel tips are missing, the number of carpels is sometimes unclear (Primulaceae, Lentibulariaceae, some Santalaceae). Extremely ascidiate carpels are concentrated in the ANITA grade, a few magnoliids and some early branching monocots. Aspects of potential advantages of plicate vs. ascidiate carpels with regard to flexibility of pollen tube transmitting tract differentiation are discussed.

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Floral development of petaloid Alismatales as an insight into the origin of the trimerous Bauplan in monocot flowers

et al. 2018

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Monocots are remarkably homogeneous in sharing a common trimerous pentacyclic floral Bauplan. A major factor affecting monocot evolution is the unique origin of the clade from basal angiosperms. The origin of the floral Bauplan of monocots remains controversial, as no immediate sister groups with similar structure can be identified among basal angiosperms, and there are several possibilities for an ancestral floral structure, including more complex flowers with higher stamen and carpel numbers, or strongly reduced flowers. Additionally, a stable Bauplan is only established beyond the divergence of Alismatales. Here, we observed the floral development of five members of the three 'petaloid' Alismatales families Butomaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, and Alismataceae. Outer stamen pairs can be recognized in mature flowers of Alismataceae and Butomaceae. Paired stamens always arise independently, and are either shifted opposite the sepals or close to the petals. The position of stamen pairs is related to the early development of the petals. In Butomaceae, the perianth is not differentiated and the development of the inner tepals is not delayed; the larger inner tepals (petals) only permit the initiation of stamens in antesepalous pairs. Alismataceae has delayed petals and the stamens are shifted close to the petals, leading to an association of stamen pairs with petals in so-called stamen-petal complexes. In the studied Hydrocharitaceae species, which have the monocot floral Bauplan, paired stamens are replaced by larger single stamens and the petals are not delayed. These results indicate that the origin of the floral Bauplan, at least in petaloid Alismatales, is closely linked to the position of stamen pairs and the rate of petal development. Although the petaloid Alismatales are not immediately at the base of monocot divergence, the floral evolution inferred from the results should be a key to elucidate the origin of the floral Bauplan of monocots.

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Floral Development of Hydrocharis Morsus‐ranae (Hydrocharitaceae)

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Gynoecium diversity and systematics in basal monocots

Gynoecium diversity and systematics in basal monocots

Patterns of angiospermy development before carpel sealing across living angiosperms: diversity, and morphological and systematic aspects

Floral development of petaloid Alismatales as an insight into the origin of the trimerous Bauplan in monocot flowers

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