Floral Anatomy in the Saxifragaceae Sensu Lato. I. Introduction, Parnassioideae and Brexioideae

Bensel, Carolyn R.; Palser, Barbara F.

doi:10.2307/2441593

Cited by 15 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…For Takhtajan (1980) Actinidiaceae form a link between Ericales and Theales. Parnassia (Droseraceae or Parnassiaceae) differs anatomically and ontogenetically (see Klopfer, 1972;Bensel & Palser, 1975a;Saxena, 1976) as well as in stamen morphology (Endress & Stumpf, 1991) from the Saxifragales, where it is often placed. Parnassia (Droseraceae or Parnassiaceae) differs anatomically and ontogenetically (see Klopfer, 1972;Bensel & Palser, 1975a;Saxena, 1976) as well as in stamen morphology (Endress & Stumpf, 1991) from the Saxifragales, where it is often placed.…”

Section: Discussion Of Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smets (1988a) excluded a relationship of the Droserales with Rosales (see Dahlgren, 1983Dahlgren, , 1989Takhtajan, 1980) on the basis of the difference in nectaries. Arber (1913) and Bensel & Palser (1975a) interpreted the nectaries of Parnassia as 'staminodial clusters' phylogenetically derived from stamen fascicles, because each 'fascicle' is supplied by single traces, which branch to each division of the nectary. We cannot accept the treatment of Cronquist (1981) either, who groups the insectivorous families Nepenthaceae, Sarraceniaceae and Droseraceae in an order Nepenthales on the basis of similarities in the insectivorous habit.…”

Section: Discussion Of Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The distribution and systematic relevance of the androecial character oligomery

Decraene¹,

Smets²

1995

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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Localization of the stamens can be approached by a preliminary distinction between two characters, oligomery and polymery, occurring in two different groups of taxa, respectively the oligomerous complex and the polymerous complex. Oligomery is described by four character states standing in a close semophyletic relationship: diplostemony, obdiplostemony, haplostemony and obhaplostemony. Each character state is analysed for its distribution and systematic value. Diplostemony is the synapomorphic character state for the oligomerous line and has arisen once from a polymerous ancestor or in parallel in different lines. Obdiplostemony arises ontogenetically in three different ways. Loss of one whorl leads either to obhaplostemony, or haplostemony; both character states are believed to represent evolutionary steps of noreturn. Secondary increases and reductions of the stamens within a whorl are seen as expressions of the intrinsic variability of the character states and should not be homologized with them. Stamen numbers can be increased by the building-up of complex primordia or by secondary receptacular growth. Reductions of stamens affect one or two whorls of stamens and are caused by lack of space, interactions with the gynoecium and zygomorphy. The distribution of the different character states of oligomery is presented on Dahlgrenograms and the androecia of a number of families and their relationships are discussed. The interactions between oligomery and polymery are analysed as guidelines for a global phylogeny of the Magnoliatae. 0 1995 The Linnean Society of London

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Section: Discussion Of Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion Of Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution and systematic relevance of the androecial character oligomery

Decraene¹,

Smets²

1995

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…Aspects of floral structure of Parnassia have found much attention owing to their unusual staminodes (e.g. Wettstein, 1890; Eichinger, 1908; Daumann, 1932; Sandvik & Totland, 2003) and 4‐merous gynoecium in an otherwise 5‐merous flower (Arber, 1913; Troll, 1928; Saunders, 1939; Morf, 1950; Klopfer, 1972; Bensel & Palser, 1975a; Saxena, 1976). In contrast, the large family Celastraceae has been poorly studied, probably because their flowers appear to be simple and easy to understand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3M, N). The carpels are antepetalous (Bensel & Palser, 1975a, interpreted the carpel as antesepalous, but this misinterpretation may be due to the ovary shape, which has its widest point between the carpels; Fig. 4J–P); they are completely united, forming a relatively long style; the ovary has five vertical ridges, which alternate with the locules (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative floral structure and systematics in Celastrales (Celastraceae, Parnassiaceae, Lepidobotryaceae)

Matthews

Endress

2005

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

101

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Floral morphology, anatomy and histology in the newly circumscribed order Celastrales, comprising Celastraceae, Parnassiaceae and Lepidobotryaceae are studied comparatively. Several genera of Celastraceae and Lepidobotrys (Lepidobotryaceae) were studied for the first time in this respect. Celastraceae are well supported as a group by floral structure (including genera that were in separate families in earlier classifications); they have dorsally bulged-up locules (and thus apical septa) and contain oxalate druses in their floral tissues. The group of Celastraceae and Parnassiaceae is also well supported. They share completely syncarpous gynoecia with commissural stigmatic lobes (and strong concomitant development of the commissural vascular bundles but weak median carpel bundles), only weakly crassinucellar or incompletely tenuinucellar ovules with an endothelium, partly fringed sepals and petals, protandry in bisexual flowers combined with herkogamy by the movement of stamens and anther abscission, and stamens fused with the ovary. In contrast, Lepidobotryaceae are more distant from the other two families, sharing only a handful of features with Celastraceae (not Parnassiaceae), such as pseudohermaphroditic flowers, united stamen bases forming a collar around the gynoecium and seeds with a conspicuous aril. However, all three families together are also somewhat supported as a group and share petals that are not retarded in late floral bud development, 3-carpellate gynoecia, ventral slits of carpels closed by long interlocking epidermal cells and pollen tube transmitting tissue encompassing several cell layers, both integuments usually more than two cell layers thick, and only weak or lacking floral indumentum. In some molecular analyses Celastrales form an unsupported clade with Malpighiales and Oxalidales. This association is supported by floral structure, especially between Celastrales and Malpighiales. Among Celastrales, Lepidobotryaceae especially share special features with Malpighiales, including a diplostemonous androecium with ten fertile stamens, epitropous ovules with an obturator and strong vascularization around the chalaza.

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“…As a subfamily, it had been a member of Saxifragaceae for a long time (Engler 1930;Thorne 1976;Dahlgren 1980;Cronquist 1981;Ku 1987Ku , 1995Gu and Hultgård 2001). Parnassia was included in Parnassioideae in Droseraceae (Pace 1912;Schoennagel 1931) and was thought to be closely related to Hypericaceae (Arber 1913;Jay 1971) or even 3 Crassulaceae (Bensel and Palser 1975). Recent molecular systematic investigations revealed that Parnassiaceae, including Parnassia and Lepuropetalon Elliott, was a sister group of Celastraceae (Chase et al 1993; Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) 1998; Soltis et al 2000;APG II 2003;Wu et al 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pollen Morphology of Parnassia L. (Parnassiaceae) and Its Systematic Implications

Ding

Wang

et al. 2005

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology

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Abstract:The pollen morphology of 28 species of Parnassia L. was investigated with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shape of pollen grains in this genus varies from subspheroidal to prolate in equatorial view and is three-lobed circular in the polar view. Pollen grains are usually radially symmetrical, isopolar, tricolporate or syntricolporate, with reticulate sculpture. The pollen characteristics among species are fairly similar to each other. Morphological information regarding the pollen grains shows that Parnassia is a natural genus. Based on exine ornamentation observed under SEM, three types of pollen grains were recognized: (i) type I, with foveolate-reticulate sculpture; (ii) type II, with a finely reticulate sculpture; and (iii) type III, with a coarsely reticulate sculpture. Most sections of this genus have one type of sculpture of pollen morphology, but Sect. Nectarotrilobos has three types of sculpture and Sect. Saxifragastrum has two types of sculpture. All three types of sculpture can be found in Southwest China, with species with the longest (Parnassia delavayi Franch.) and shortest (Parnassia faberi Oliv.) colpi, implying that Southwest China is the center of diversification of the genus.

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Floral Anatomy in the Saxifragaceae Sensu Lato. I. Introduction, Parnassioideae and Brexioideae

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

The distribution and systematic relevance of the androecial character oligomery

The distribution and systematic relevance of the androecial character oligomery

Comparative floral structure and systematics in Celastrales (Celastraceae, Parnassiaceae, Lepidobotryaceae)

Pollen Morphology of Parnassia L. (Parnassiaceae) and Its Systematic Implications

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