Floodplain hydrology, acid discharge and change in water quality associated with a drained acid sulfate soil

Wilson, Benjamin; White, Ian; Melville, M. D.

doi:10.1071/mf98034

Cited by 96 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…In an extreme example, a pH of <3 was reported in the estuarine reaches of the Río Tinto estuary, SW Spain (Elbaz-Poulichet et al 1999). Alteration of tropical acid sulphate soils also releases large amounts of acids (Wilson et al 1999;Johnston et al 2009), affecting coastal waters containing vulnerable organisms, such as corals in the inner Great Barrier Reef ecosystem (Powell and Martens 2005).…”

Section: Impacts Of Anthropogenic Watershed Perturbations On Seawater Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Ocean Acidification an Open-Ocean Syndrome? Understanding Anthropogenic Impacts on Seawater pH

Duarte

Hendriks

Moore

et al. 2013

Estuaries and Coasts

607

452

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Ocean acidification due to anthropogenic CO 2 emissions is a dominant driver of long-term changes in pH in the open ocean, raising concern for the future of calcifying organisms, many of which are present in coastal habitats. However, changes in pH in coastal ecosystems result from a multitude of drivers, including impacts from watershed processes, nutrient inputs, and changes in ecosystem structure and metabolism. Interaction between ocean acidification due to anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and the dynamic regional to local drivers of coastal ecosystems have resulted in complex regulation of pH in coastal waters. Changes in the watershed can, for example, lead to changes in alkalinity and CO 2 fluxes that, together with metabolic processes and oceanic dynamics, yield high-magnitude decadal changes of up to 0.5 units in coastal pH. Metabolism results in strong diel to seasonal fluctuations in pH, with characteristic ranges of 0.3 pH units, with metabolically intense habitats exceeding this range on a daily basis. The intense variability and multiple, complex controls on pH implies that the concept of ocean acidification due to anthropogenic CO 2 emissions cannot be transposed to coastal ecosystems directly. Furthermore, in coastal ecosystems, the detection of trends towards acidification is not trivial and the attribution of these changes to anthropogenic CO 2 emissions is even more problematic. Coastal ecosystems may show acidification or basification, depending on the balance between the invasion of coastal waters by anthropogenic CO 2 , watershed export of alkalinity, organic matter and CO 2 , and changes in the balance between primary production, respiration and calcification rates in response to changes in nutrient inputs and losses of ecosystem components. Hence, we contend that ocean acidification from anthropogenic CO 2 is largely an open-ocean syndrome and that a concept of anthropogenic impacts on marine pH, which is applicable across the entire ocean, from coastal to open-ocean environments, provides a superior framework to consider the multiple components of the anthropogenic perturbation of marine pH trajectories. The concept of anthropogenic impacts on seawater pH acknowledges that a regional focus is necessary to predict future trajectories in the pH of coastal waters and points at opportunities to manage these trajectories locally to conserve coastal organisms vulnerable to ocean acidification.

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Section: Impacts Of Anthropogenic Watershed Perturbations On Seawater Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Ocean Acidification an Open-Ocean Syndrome? Understanding Anthropogenic Impacts on Seawater pH

Duarte

Hendriks

Moore

et al. 2013

Estuaries and Coasts

607

452

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“…Acid groundwater is often brackish to moderately saline (Walker 1972) with high concentrations of SO 4 2-and acidic metal cations, principally Fe and Al. Large amounts of acidity, Fe and Al are exported from sulfidic backswamps into adjacent estuaries via artificial drainage systems (Sammut et al 1996;Wilson et al 1999;Blunden and Indraratna 2000). The consequences of this export for estuarine biota and ecological function are widely recognised as a major issue and significant resources are currently focused on developing and implementing management strategies to reduce acid outflows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of groundwater and sediment geochemistry in a sulfidic backswamp due to Melaleuca quinquenervia encroachment

Johnston¹,

Slavich²,

Hirst³

2003

Soil Res.

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Extensive encroachment of the native tree species Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake has occurred on a coastal floodplain sulfidic backswamp in eastern Australia. Almost 50% of the open swamp area c. 1870 is now monospecific M. quinquenervia forest. Encroachment has been associated with shortened hydroperiods and land management changes following drainage for agriculture. Large differences to shallow groundwater and sediment geochemistry were observed beneath both individual M. quinquenervia trees and encroaching forests compared to open swamp. Groundwater beneath M. quinquenervia had enhanced titratable acidity and acidic metal cations, increased concentrations of other ionic species (Cl–, SO42–), altered ionic ratios, and increased dissolved organic carbon. Soil beneath M. quinquenervia displayed enhanced accumulation of acidity and soluble ions, with concentration profiles suggesting vertical redistribution towards the surface. Deepening of the sulfide oxidation front in the soil beneath encroached M. quinquenervia suggests that enhanced sulfide oxidation may be occurring. Changes in soil pH, redox potential, and Fe mineral precipitation/dissolution were also evident. These changes appear to be the result of interactions between M. quinquenervia physiology and the unique groundwater and sediment geochemistry of the surrounding sulfidic/sulfuric horizons. Mechanisms to explain the observed changes are discussed along with potential management implications.

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“…Concerning aquatic environments, runoff from acid sulfate soils has been reported to acidify even water within a tidal reach (Sammut et al, 1996;Cook et al, 2000;Wilson et al, 1999), and this is associated with the mortality of fish in estuaries (Sammut et al, 1995). The estuarine water contains a high alkalinity, hence its resistance against acidification is strong compared to stream water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results show that production capacity of H 2 SO 4 per given area equal to 10 and 2.0 gm -2 for Arashiyama and Ooshitai, respectively (Table 3). Wilson et al (1999) estimated the average monthly discharge of H 2 SO 4 as 90-317 t from the ASS covering 859.3 km 2 . Normalizing these values to gm -2 , they correspond to 0.1-0.3.…”

Section: Acid Drainedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under reducing condition, the pyritic sediments remain stable, but when they are exposed to the air either by excavation, uplifting, lowering of sea level or drainage, the pyrite is oxidized. Oxidized and unoxidized py-and Wilander, 1995;Astrom and Bjorklund, 1995;Wilson et al, 1999;Cook et al, 2000), and mortality of fish (Sammut et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical characteristics of runoff from acid sulfate soils in the northern area of Okinawa Island, Japan

2003

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The oxidation of pyrite in acid sulfate soils (ASS) produces high concentration of strong acid (H 2 SO 4 ) in the soil. The acid reacts with soil minerals and dissolves aluminum and other acid-soluble metals. During rainfall, they are flushed and discharged into terrestrial and aquatic environments. The authors examined the chemical characteristics of the runoffs from ASS in Arashiyama and in Ooshitai, which are located in the northern part of Okinawa Island and evaluated their potential effects on surrounding environments.The results show that the runoffs were very acidic with pH range of 2.87 to 4.29, and minimum values were close to the pH values of the soils. The dominant species were SO 4 2-, Al 3+ , and Fe 2+ and they were well correlated with pH. The acidity of the runoffs caused dissolution of metals in the following order: Mn > Zn > Cu = Cd. The quality of runoffs was found to be poor and was mainly governed by the interaction of rain and soil. A comparison between the stream waters collected during rain event and on fine day showed a marked changes in stream water chemistry during rainfall as follows: alkalinity was reduced by 3.7 times, sulfate concentration was increased by 3 times whereas pH was decreased by 0.18 units. These changes are attributed to the contamination by runoff from ASS. Moreover brown flocky sediments were observed to have covered entire streambed at the discharging point. The chemical composition of the sediments shows that as those of runoffs, they were dominated by Fe, Al, and SO 4 . These results indicate that the sediments were mainly formed as the results of mixing runoffs and stream water.

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Floodplain hydrology, acid discharge and change in water quality associated with a drained acid sulfate soil

Cited by 96 publications

References 0 publications

Is Ocean Acidification an Open-Ocean Syndrome? Understanding Anthropogenic Impacts on Seawater pH

Is Ocean Acidification an Open-Ocean Syndrome? Understanding Anthropogenic Impacts on Seawater pH

Alteration of groundwater and sediment geochemistry in a sulfidic backswamp due to Melaleuca quinquenervia encroachment

Geochemical characteristics of runoff from acid sulfate soils in the northern area of Okinawa Island, Japan

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