Flooding in river mouths: human caused or natural events? Five centuries of flooding events in the SW Netherlands, 1500–2000

Kraker, A.M.J. de

doi:10.5194/hess-19-2673-2015

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…This parallels an existing widely referenced typology of floods, which includes man-made flood alongside natural floods such as flash flood, snowmelt flood, and ice jam flood (e.g. Yevjevich, 1994;De Kraker, 2015). The distinction between climateinduced and human-induced drought is useful in studies of the attribution of drought to its causes.…”

Section: Drought Impacts: Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought in a human-modified world: reframing drought definitions, understanding, and analysis approaches

Loon

Stahl

Baldassarre

et al. 2016

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

347

245

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Abstract. In the current human-modified world, or Anthropocene, the state of water stores and fluxes has become dependent on human as well as natural processes. Water deficits (or droughts) are the result of a complex interaction between meteorological anomalies, land surface processes, and human inflows, outflows, and storage changes. Our current inability to adequately analyse and manage drought in many places points to gaps in our understanding and to inadequate data and tools. The Anthropocene requires a new framework for drought definitions and research. Drought definitions need to be revisited to explicitly include human processes driving and modifying soil moisture drought and hydrological drought development. We give recommendations for robust drought definitions to clarify timescales of drought and prevent confusion with related terms such as water scarcity and overexploitation. Additionally, our understanding and analysis of drought need to move from single driver to multiple drivers and from uni-directional to multi-directional. We identify research gaps and propose analysis approaches on (1) drivers, (2) modifiers, (3) impacts, (4) feedbacks, and (5) changing the baseline of drought in the Anthropocene. The most pressing research questions are related to the attribution of drought to its causes, to linking drought impacts to drought characteristics, and to societal adaptation and responses to drought. Example questions includePublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. Answering these questions requires exploration of qualitative and quantitative data as well as mixed modelling approaches. The challenges related to drought research and management in the Anthropocene are not unique to drought, but do require urgent attention. We give recommendations drawn from the fields of flood research, ecology, water management, and water resources studies. The framework presented here provides a holistic view on drought in the Anthropocene, which will help improve management strategies for mitigating the severity and reducing the impacts of droughts in future.

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Section: Drought Impacts: Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought in a human-modified world: reframing drought definitions, understanding, and analysis approaches

Loon

Stahl

Baldassarre

et al. 2016

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

347

245

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Drought Impacts: Africamentioning

confidence: 68%

Author reply to comment reviewer 1

Loon¹

2016

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In the current human-modified world, or Anthropocene, the state of water stores and fluxes has become dependent on human as well as natural processes. Water deficits (or droughts) are the result of a complex interaction between meteorological anomalies, land surface processes, and human inflows, outflows, and storage changes. Our current inability to adequately analyse and manage drought in many places points to gaps in our understanding and to inadequate data and tools. The Anthropocene requires a new framework for drought definitions and research. Drought definitions need to be revisited to explicitly include human processes driving and modifying soil moisture drought and hydrological drought development. We give recommendations for robust drought definitions to clarify timescales of drought and prevent confusion with related terms such as water scarcity and overexploitation. Additionally, our understanding and analysis of drought need to move from single driver to multiple drivers and from uni-directional to multi-directional. We identify research gaps and propose analysis approaches on (1) drivers, (2) modifiers, (3) impacts, (4) feedbacks, and (5) changing the baseline of drought in the Anthropocene. The most pressing research questions are related to the attribution of drought to its causes, to linking drought impacts to drought characteristics, and to societal adaptation and responses to drought. Example questions include Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 3632 A. F. Van Loon et al.: Drought in a human-modified world (i) What are the dominant drivers of drought in different parts of the world? (ii) How do human modifications of drought enhance or alleviate drought severity? (iii) How do impacts of drought depend on the physical characteristics of drought vs. the vulnerability of people or the environment? (iv) To what extent are physical and human drought processes coupled, and can feedback loops be identified and altered to lessen or mitigate drought? (v) How should we adapt our drought analysis to accommodate changes in the normal situation (i.e. what are considered normal or reference conditions) over time? Answering these questions requires exploration of qualitative and quantitative data as well as mixed modelling approaches. The challenges related to drought research and management in the Anthropocene are not unique to drought, but do require urgent attention. We give recommendations drawn from the fields of flood research, ecology, water management, and water resources studies. The framework presented here provides a holistic view on drought in the Anthropocene, which will help improve management strategies for mitigating the severity and reducing the impacts of droughts in future.

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“…Floods may lead to more deaths, relocation of people, loss of livelihoods and property, and environmental degradation, all of which can jeopardize economic growth [2]. Indeed, floods mostly affect susceptible regions as a result of human activity and natural occurrences [3] [4]. Human actions such as land use changes and environmental degradation caused by deforestation and commercial logging are responses to flood events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS Based Method for Flood Hazard Assesment in Kobe River Watershed - North Maluku Province

Nagu

Lita

Bebi³

et al. 2021

E3S Web Conf.

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The objectives of this study are to mapping the hazard-prone area and to analyse the flood vulnerability index in Kobe Watershed, Central Halmahera District. In order to determine the optimal selection of weights for the factors that contribute to flood risk, GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) were used in conjunction with the application of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method to create the flood hazard map. The flood hazard map was generated by using selected hazard factors including land use, topography, slope, and rainfall pattern. The result shows that the Kobe River basin is a flood-prone area, with 77.46 percent of its land classified as less prone to flooding and 21.41 percent classified as flood-prone. However, only 21.41 percent of its land is classified as flood-prone. Only 1.13 percent of the land is protected from the danger of floods, compared to the whole country. The altitude factor is the most important element influencing flood susceptibility in Weda District, where the majority of the land (16.34 percent) is located at or below sea level, making it particularly vulnerable to flooding.

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Flooding in river mouths: human caused or natural events? Five centuries of flooding events in the SW Netherlands, 1500–2000

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Drought in a human-modified world: reframing drought definitions, understanding, and analysis approaches

Drought in a human-modified world: reframing drought definitions, understanding, and analysis approaches

Author reply to comment reviewer 1

GIS Based Method for Flood Hazard Assesment in Kobe River Watershed - North Maluku Province

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