Flood vulnerability assessment at the local scale using remote sensing and GIS techniques: a case study in Da Nang City, Vietnam

Abstract

This paper has developed a cost-efficient framework for flood vulnerability assessment at a local scale using a multi-parametric approach integrated with the Open Source Geographical Information System (GIS) and Open Remote Sensing data. The study focuses on generating a set of criteria considering three dimensions of flood vulnerability: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity (AC) on an index-based approach. These indicators were decided based on a robust analysis considering the physical and socio-economic conditions of the study area. The flood exposure was generated from the geomorphological and hydrological parameters integrated with the flood water depth, the distance to river channels, and the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index. The flood sensitivity was determined by the aggregation of local income, land use, poverty index, population density, and other parameters reflecting the socio-economic condition. The AC has been evaluated based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, the density of the community service facilities, and other factors related to the coping capacity to flood. Finally, the flood vulnerability at the local scale was determined based on the integration of its contributing factors using the Analytical Hierarchical Process-based aggregated model. Results indicated that a total of 20 parameters impacted the flood vulnerability of the research area. The findings also confirmed that among the indicators of flood vulnerability of Danang City, the flood depth, land-use condition, and drainage system are the key factors affecting the vulnerability level. The empirical assessment showed that the study area is significantly affected by flood vulnerability with more than 60% of the area having the vulnerability level from moderate to very high. In addition, this paper points out that the vulnerability research should be localized and is not always based on the administrative units. This practice can make the decision-making process and adaptation plan more appropriate locally. Especially, this study attempted to evaluate the accuracy of the flood vulnerability map for the first time by using field survey data and the statistical report on flood damage that most of the previous studies have not conducted yet. This framework provides a valuable toolkit for flood management in data-scarce regions all over the world.

Assessment of household adaptive capacity to disasters: Two comparative case studies in Central Vietnam

“…It is subjected to a tropical monsoon climate, with a rainy season from August to December and a dry season from January to July [17]. Furthermore, being part of Da Nang city, the commune is characterized by diverse topography, including mountains in the west and lowlands in the east, which contributes to increased flooding due to the proximity of the mountains to the coastline [22]. As a result, the study area frequently experiences severe disasters and extreme weather events [17,22].…”

Real-time flood inundation monitoring in Capital of India using Google Earth Engine and Sentinel database

“…Typically, land bordering rivers has a gentle slope and vice versa, so even a slight rise in the river's water level can lead to flooding in these areas (Fig 9). Floods happen when land is submerged, influenced by surface topography and lower elevations face increased flooding frequency, making them more vulnerable to inundation [51]. The study demonstrates the application of Remote Sensing and GIS techniques [52], utilizing Sentinel-1's VV and VH bands along with the GEE platform [53], to accurately map flood-prone and inundated areas.…”

Explain the challenges of evacuation in floods based on the views of citizens and executive managers

“…Various quantitative studies have been carried out in the field of flood management such as flood risk assessment and forecasting [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. However, fewer studies have comprehensively and qualitatively addressed flood response especially evacuation.…”