Flood Risks, Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Benefits in Mumbai

doi:10.1787/5km4hv6wb434-en

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…On the exposure side, the exposure data were modeled based on relatively coarseresolution elevation models, and because the flood polygons represent an extremei.e. a once-in-200-year event (Hallegatte et al 2010)-they cannot be seen as representative of more typical flooding patterns. …”

Section: Mumbai Data Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urban development is steadily encroaching on wetland ecosystems, which provide flood prevention and other important ecosystem services, while urban effluents often lead to hypoxic and anoxic conditions in coastal waters (Kumar et al 2008). A study sponsored by the OECD modeled flood risks in Mumbai based on the July 2005 event (Ranger et al 2011, Hallegatte et al 2010. The team estimated the economic costs of the flood at USD 2 billion, and projected that under future development and climate scenarios the costs will triple.…”

Section: Overview Of the Two Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We obtained data from Ranger et al (2011) and Hallegatte et al (2010), in which they modeled the flood extent associated with the July 2005 flood ( Figure 5). The data are derived from relatively coarse-resolution digital elevation models using NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data, and once again do not match the resolution of the data that we had available for NYC.…”

Section: Mumbai Flood Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Social vulnerability to floods in two coastal megacities: New York City and Mumbai

Sherbinin¹,

Bardy²

2016

Populationyearbook

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In this paper we assess differential exposure to flooding in two coastal megacities, New York and Mumbai, both of which suffered major flood-related disasters in the past decade. Specifically, we examine whether the most exposed populations are also the most socially vulnerable. First, we developed Social Vulnerability Indices (SoVIs) for each city with census data. We then overlaid the SoVI scores onto flood extent maps for Hurricane Sandy (New York, October 2012) and the Mumbai flash floods (July 2005), as well as for the evacuation zones for New York, to examine patterns of differential exposure. Our results suggest a degree of differential exposure in New York, especially in the highest flood risk areas, and provide fairly clear evidence for differential exposure in Mumbai. However, differences in the input resolution and confidence in the datasets for Mumbai make the results more uncertain. The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy implications and the data needs for urban spatial vulnerability assessments.

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Section: Mumbai Data Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of the Two Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mumbai Flood Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Social vulnerability to floods in two coastal megacities: New York City and Mumbai

Sherbinin¹,

Bardy²

2016

Populationyearbook

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“…There are very few studies that try to assess the damage to single risk elements, such as, houses by carrying out detailed household surveys, e.g., Dutta et al, (2003), Khandlhela and May, (2006), Brouwer et al, (2007), Sales (2009) and Rabbani et al, (2013). For Mumbai, household surveys have carried out by Hallegatte et al (2010) to examine the impact of the July 2005 extreme floods on marginalized population and informal economy: the economic impacts on assets and business losses for marginalized populations totaled USD $245 million. But this is likely an underestimate, as health 8 impacts and out-of-pocket health expenditure were not included in the estimate but were likely to be high.…”

Section: Mumbai City: Profile Rainfall Pattern and Recurrent Floodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Exposure, Vulnerability, and Ability to Respond of Poor Households to Recurrent Floods in Mumbai

Patankar

2015

Policy Research Working Papers

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This paper examines poor households in the city of Mumbai and their exposure, vulnerability, and ability to respond to recurrent floods. The paper discusses policy implications for future adaptive capacity, resilience, and poverty alleviation. The study focuses particularly on the poor households, which tend to have greater exposure and vulnerability to floods and limited ability to respond given the constraints on physical and financial resources. The study seeks to understand the implications of the fact that poor households are more likely than non-poor households to be located in flood-prone areas. The study used the land use maps for the selected flood-prone areas to determine the extent and spread of poor and non-poor households and other types of assets and activities in areas with chronic and localized flooding. Primary data were obtained through detailed household surveys to understand the vulnerability and impacts of the extreme floods of July 2005, recurrent floods and the ability of households to respond and cope. The study examined the option of relocation to flood-free areas and identified factors that influence families' decisions regarding relocation. The study finds that a significantly large proportion of poor households are located near areas with chronic and localized flooding. These households are either below the poverty line or have low incomes and reside in informal settlements or old and dilapidated structures. Future climate risks are likely to put greater burden on the poor and push them further into poverty unless well directed efforts are made to protect them.

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“…Therefore, a 1-in-30 year fl ood in Manila could cost between US$900 million and US$1.5 billion, given current fl ood control infrastructure (World Bank 2010 ). By the 2080s, the costs of the Mumbai fl ood event of 2005 will more than double for the city and total losses (both direct and indirect) associated with a 1-in-100 year event could triple compared with the current situation (US$690-US$1890 million) (Hallegatte et al 2010 ). Moreover, the IPCC ( 2007b ) predicts increased fl ooding over the next two or three decades from glacier melt in the Himalayas.…”

Section: Changes In Hydrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and Urbanization

Marcotullio

Cooper

Lebel

2013

Advances in Global Change Research

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Urbanization is a major factor across Asia and the Pacifi c, and so the scope of this chapter is somewhat restricted. There is a focus on larger urban areas, as the small communities of rural areas are discussed in other chapters. The breadth of the topic of urbanization also means that reports by government agencies and NGOs (grey literature) are cited, as well as the formal academic literature. The six sections of the present Chapter systematically review literature in the fi eld. In the fi rst section we overview urbanization trends in the region. In the second section we review the history of urbanization in the region. The third section examines urbanization and climate in Asia and the Pacifi c. The fourth section describes the risks in urban areas due to climate change-related hazards. The fi fth section overviews mitigation and adaptation measures in the region. The fi nal section concludes with the needs for resilient cities and addresses uncertainties, research gaps and policy measures.Future predictions suggest that large cities will not hold most of the region's total urban population. In 1990, cities of larger than one million held almost 35.1 % of the total urban population and by 2025 the UN predicts that cities of one million or more will hold 41.2 % of the total urban population. The share of those living in Chapter 3

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Flood Risks, Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Benefits in Mumbai

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Social vulnerability to floods in two coastal megacities: New York City and Mumbai

Social vulnerability to floods in two coastal megacities: New York City and Mumbai

The Exposure, Vulnerability, and Ability to Respond of Poor Households to Recurrent Floods in Mumbai

Climate and Urbanization

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