Flood response for the watersheds of the <scp>F</scp>ernow <scp>E</scp>xperimental <scp>F</scp>orest in the central <scp>A</scp>ppalachians

Bates, N. S.; Smith, James A.; Villarini, Gabriele

doi:10.1002/2014wr015871

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An important way of characterizing flood hazards is by examining flood peak distributions and factors that determine the upper-tail properties. In this study, we model annual flood peaks based on the statistical framework of the generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions (similarly see e.g., Katz et al, 2002;Morrison and Smith, 2002;Villarini and Smith, 2010;Barros et al, 2014;Bates et al, 2015;Gaume, 2018;Smith et al, 2018). The key focus is placed on the upper tails of flood peaks across China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the flood peak distributions over China

Yang¹,

Wang²,

Li³

et al. 2019

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Here we for the first time present a nationwide characterization of flood hazards across China. Our analysis is based on an exceptional dataset of 1120 stream gauging stations with continuous records of annual flood peaks for at least 50 years across the entire country. Our results are organized by centering on various aspects of flood peak distributions, including temporal changes in flood series and their spatial variations, the statistical distribution of extreme values, and the properties of storms that lead to annual flood peaks. These aspects altogether contribute to an improved understanding of flood hydrology under a changing environment over China and promote advances in flood science at the global scale. Historical changes in annual flood peaks demonstrate frequent abrupt changes rather than slowly varying trends. The dominance of decreasing annual flood peak magnitudes indicates a weakening tendency of flood hazards over China in recent decades. We model the upper tails of flood peaks based on the generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions. The GEV shape parameter is weakly dependent on drainage area, but it shows spatial splits tied to rainfall climatology between northern and southern China. Landfalling tropical cyclones play an important role in characterizing the upper-tail properties of flood peak distributions especially in northern China and southeastern coast, while the upper tails of flood peaks are dominated by extreme monsoon rainfall in southern China. Severe flood hazards associated with landfalling tropical cyclones are characterized by complex interactions of storm circulations with synoptic environments (i.e., mid-latitude baroclinic disturbances) and regional topography.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the flood peak distributions over China

Yang¹,

Wang²,

Li³

et al. 2019

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We examine the upper tails of flood peaks over China based on the statistical framework of the generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions (similarly see e.g., Katz et al, 2002;Morrison and Smith, 2002;Villarini and Smith, 2010;Barros et al, 2014;Bates et al, 2015;Gaume, 2018;Smith et al, 2018). Special focus is placed on the spatial heterogeneity of flood peak distributions over China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Flood Peak Distributions over China

Yang¹,

Wang²,

Li³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Time series of annual maximum instantaneous peak discharge from 1120 stations with record lengths of at least 50 years are used to examine flood peak distributions across China. Abrupt change rather than slowly varying trend is the dominant mode of the violation of stationary assumption for annual flood peaks over China. The dominance of decreasing trends in annual flood peak series indicates a weakening tendency of flood hazard over China in recent decades. Delayed (advanced) occurrence of annual flood peaks in southern (northern) China point to a tendency for seasonal clustering of floods across the entire country. We model the upper tails of flood peaks based on the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distributions for the stationary series, and evaluate the scale-dependent properties of flood peaks. The relations of GEV parameters and drainage area show spatial contrasts between northern and southern China. Weak dependence of the GEV shape parameter on drainage area highlights the critical role of space-time rainfall organizations in dictating the upper tails of flood peaks. Landfalling tropical cyclones play an important role in characterizing the upper-tail properties of flood peak distributions especially in northern China and southeastern coast, while the upper tails of flood peaks are dominated by extreme monsoon rainfall in southern China. Severe flood hazards associated with landfalling tropical cyclones are characterized with tropical cyclones experiencing extratropical transition, and persistent moisture transport/interactions with regional topography as demonstrated by Typhoon Nina (1975).

show abstract

“…This was especially noted in the growing season where > 50% of precipitation is lost to evapotranspiration (Shultz 1988). Although precipitation was above average during our study, the fact that our catchments are very small and that groundwater recharge follows their drainage divides (Cook 2008;Bates et al 2015), much of the surplus precipitation was exfiltrated as short-term runoff (as evidenced from game camera images following rain events) as channels resumed trickle flow or dryness within hours or a few days after high precipitation events. However, we acknowledge that during drought years, evapotranspiration in the growing season could affect flow duration at these forested sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Macroinvertebrates at the source: flow duration and seasonality drive biodiversity and trait composition in rheocrene springs of the Western Allegheny Plateau, USA

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Documenting flow regimes and the ecology of source headwater streams has gained considerable attention for scientific and regulatory purposes. These streams do not appear on standard maps, and local physiographic and climatologic conditions can control their origins. We investigated macroinvertebrate assemblages seasonally and in relation to flow duration, catchment and habitat variables within 14 source headwaters (< 1 ha) in the Western Allegheny Plateau over a 19-month period. We classified 6 perennial (P) and 8 intermittent (I) streams directly with continuous flow data loggers. Several biological and trait-based metrics could distinguish flow class, but few instream physical measures could. Macroinvertebrate metrics and assemblage dispersion varied seasonally and responded significantly along a gradient of total flow duration. Separate indicator species analyses generated 22 genera and 15 families with significant affinities to P streams. Richness of P-indicator taxa was also strongly correlated with flow duration gradients, and we estimated a total flow duration changepoint at 77% (3 indicator families) followed by a sharp increase in richness. Two rapid field-based flow duration methods (NC Stream Identification index and OH Headwater Habitat Evaluation index) could distinguish upstream ephemeral reaches from P and I reaches, but misclassified P as I more frequently. Our findings highlight that diverse coldwater macroinvertebrate assemblages inhabited extremely small, low-discharge springs in the region, and responded with flow duration. These source headwater habitats are susceptible to human disturbance and should be monitored as is routinely done in larger lotic systems.

show abstract

Flood response for the watersheds of the Fernow Experimental Forest in the central Appalachians

Cited by 5 publications

References 51 publications

On the flood peak distributions over China

On the flood peak distributions over China

On the Flood Peak Distributions over China

Macroinvertebrates at the source: flow duration and seasonality drive biodiversity and trait composition in rheocrene springs of the Western Allegheny Plateau, USA

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About