Flood-mediated use of habitat by large and midsized mammals in the Brazilian Pantanal

Abstract

DE LÁZARI, P.R., SANTOS-FILHO, M., CANALE, G.R. & GAIPEL, M.E. Flood-mediated use of habitat by large and midsized mammals in the Brazilian Pantanal. Biota Neotrop. 13(2): http://www.biotaneotropica. org.br/v13n2/en/abstract?article+bn02713022013 Abstract:The Brazilian Pantanal comprises a mosaic of forest and field environments harbouring a rich community of large and midsized mammals that are adapted to the annual hydrological cycle. Here we evaluated richness and composition of large and midsized mammals inhabiting forested and open habitats affected by yearly floods in the Pantanal in Cáceres from October 2009 to September 2010. We compared these communities in marshes, dry forests and riparian forests based on 640 camera-traps.nights, sights, tracks, faecal samples and interviews. We also compared results in a private land (Descalvados Farm) and in a protected area (Taiamã Ecological Station). In total, we sampled 26 large and midsized mammals, including five threatened and two near threatened species. Jaguars, collared peccaries and red-brocket deers were the only mammals recorded at all habitat types, while eleven species were recorded exclusively in one of the habitats. We identified a heterogeneous use of the habitat by the animal community surveyed in all three habitats during the wet and dry season. Furthermore, precipitation and river level affected the use of dry forests and marshes isolated from dry forests. Finally, 62% of large/midsized mammal species present in the surveyed region recorded outside the reserve; therefore, we recommend conservation actions to protect those species and also to preserve unprotected dry forests. Resumo: O Pantanal brasileiro é formado por um mosaico de ambientes florestados e campestres, abrigando uma rica comunidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte adaptados ao ciclo hidrológico anual. Nós avaliamos a riqueza e composição de mamíferos de médio e grande porte em habitats florestados e campestres afetados pelas inundações anuais no Pantanal de Cáceres ente outubro/2009 e setembro/2010. Comparamos as comunidades em Campos Inundáveis, Matas Secas e Matas Ripárias com base em 640 armadilhas-fotográficas.noite, avistamentos, pegadas, amostras fecais e entrevistas. Nós também comparamos os resultados em uma área privada (Fazenda Descalvados) e em uma área protegida (Estação Ecológica Taiamã). No total, foram registradas 26 espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte, incluindo cinco espécies ameaçadas de extinção e duas quase ameaçadas. Onças-pintadas, catetos e veados-mateiro foram os únicos mamíferos registrados em todos os habitats, enquanto que 11 espécies foram registradas em apenas um tipo de hábitat. Identificamos diferença quanto ao uso dos habitats entre os três tipos de habitats durante a estação seca e chuvosa. Além disso, a precipitação e o nível do rio afetaram o uso da Mata Seca e Campos Inundáveis isolados das Matas Secas. Por fim, 62% das espécies foram registradas fora da reserva, por isso, recomendamos ações de conservação para proteger as espécies ...

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