Flood impact on masonry buildings: The effect of flow characteristics and incidence angle

Postacchini, Matteo; Zitti, Gianluca; Giordano, Ersilia; Clementi, Francesco; Darvini, Giovanna; Lenci, Stefano

doi:10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2019.04.004

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…However, because of the ignorance of momentum conservation in diffusive wave-like models like CA and the possible multi-directional discharge of water, CA models are inherently disadvantageous to estimate velocity vectors. The consequence is that CA models are less applicable for the design of flood defense and structural damage assessment because flow velocities and incidence angles affect the structural integrity of the exposed structures [56]. Such limitations, however, is a trade-off of simplified models to realize their specific advantage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Urban Inundation Model for Live Flood Forecasting with Cellular Automata and Motion Cost Fields

Issermann

Chang

Jia

2020

Water

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The mitigation of societal damage from urban floods requires fast hydraulic models for emergency and planning purposes. The simplified mathematical model Cellular Automata is combined with Motion Cost fields, which score the difficulty to traverse an area, to the urban inundation model CAMC. It is implemented with simple matrix and logic operations to achieve high computational efficiency. The development concentrated on an application in dense urban built-up areas with numerous buildings. CAMC is efficient and flexible enough to be used in a “live” urban flood warning system with current weather conditions. A case study is conducted in the German city of Wuppertal with about 12,000 buildings. The water depth estimation of every time step are visualized in a web-interface on the basis of the virtual globe NASA WorldWind. CAMC is compared with the shallow water equations-based model ANUGA. CAMC is approximatively 5 times faster than ANUGA at high spatial resolution and able to maintain numerical stability. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (0.61), Root Mean Square Error (0.39 m) and Index of Agreement (0.65) indicate acceptable agreement for water depth estimation but identify different areas where important deviations occur. The estimation of velocity performs considerably less well (0.34 for Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, 0.13 ms − 1 for Root Mean Square Error, and 0.39 for Index of Agreement) because CA ignores momentum conservation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Urban Inundation Model for Live Flood Forecasting with Cellular Automata and Motion Cost Fields

Issermann

Chang

Jia

2020

Water

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“…According to incomplete statistics, time for meshing, which is the primary task of numerical calculation, accounts for over 60% of the entire numerical calculation process. In general, the calculation error can be controlled by refined meshing [31][32][33].…”

Section: Meshing Scheme and Grid Independence Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of wall roughness on cavitation performance of centrifugal pump

Hou

et al. 2021

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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Cavitation is a phenomenon that occurs easily during rotation of fluid machinery and can decrease the performance of a pump, thereby resulting in damage to flow passage components. To study the influence of wall roughness on the cavitation performance of a centrifugal pump, a three-dimensional model of internal flow field of a centrifugal pump was constructed and a numerical simulation of cavitation in the flow field was conducted with ANSYS CFX software based on the Reynolds normalization group k-epsilon turbulence model and Zwart cavitation model. The cavitation can be further divided into four stages: cavitation inception, cavitation development, critical cavitation, and fracture cavitation. Influencing laws of wall roughness of the blade surface on the cavitation performance of a centrifugal pump were analyzed. Research results demonstrate that in the design process of centrifugal pumps, decreasing the wall roughness appropriately during the cavitation development and critical cavitation is important to effectively improve the cavitation performance of pumps. Moreover, a number of nucleation sites on the blade surface increase with the increase in wall roughness, thereby expanding the low-pressure area of the blade. Research conclusions can provide theoretical references to improve cavitation performance and optimize the structural design of the pump.

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“…Nasim et al ( 2019) simulated the flood effect on F I G U R E 1 Economy and building losses caused by flooding in China from 1991 to 2015 (a) economy loss caused by flooding and its ratio to the total loss caused by disasters (b) collapsed buildings caused by flooding piers using a finite volume method in the ANSYS-FLUENT package. Postacchini et al (2019) carried out experimental tests to study flood impact pressure acting on the masonry building in different manner for the frontal, lateral, and rear walls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of flood impacts on masonry structures and mitigation measures

Xiao

Guo

2021

J Flood Risk Management

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The impact of floods can be devastating to buildings, especially in countries and villages in mountainous areas. Based on the flood impact risk analysis results, two methods are suggested by authors to improve the flood impact defense capability of rural buildings in this paper: increasing the strength of the mortar used in masonry structures, as well as adding reinforced concrete (RC) columns and circle beams to masonry structures. The impact of floods on the reinforced masonry structures is simulated numerically, and the failure process, stress, and deformation behaviors of masonry structures are analyzed. Compared to the computational results of normal masonry structures, the advantages of the two methods proposed in this manuscript are studied. Increasing the mortar strength slows the rate of damage to the masonry structure but does not improve the deformation or the failure behaviors. Increasing the mortar strength slightly decreases the first principal stress on the mortar and brick elements but has no effect on the third principal stress. Adding the RC frames not only delays the damage to the building and improves the failure behavior of the masonry structure but also decreases the first and third principle stresses of the brick and mortar elements.

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Flood impact on masonry buildings: The effect of flow characteristics and incidence angle

Cited by 27 publications

References 49 publications

Efficient Urban Inundation Model for Live Flood Forecasting with Cellular Automata and Motion Cost Fields

Efficient Urban Inundation Model for Live Flood Forecasting with Cellular Automata and Motion Cost Fields

Influence of wall roughness on cavitation performance of centrifugal pump

Analysis of flood impacts on masonry structures and mitigation measures

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