Flood dynamics dictate distributions of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (Russian olive) on a riverine floodplain

West, Natalie M.; Reinhold, Ann Marie; Poole, Geoffrey C.; Espeland, Erin K.

doi:10.1007/s10530-020-02352-z

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…2021). A study on the floodplain of the Yellowstone River found that the spatial distribution of Russian olives is linked to flooding, with 62% of the lowest inundation zone (1.5‐ to 5‐year recurrence interval) colonised by Russian olives (West et al, 2020). Thus, those sites that are wetter influenced the pattern of Russian olive colonisation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These contain sufficient stored energy to enable seedlings to become established in the shade of other plants or wait until optimal conditions develop. Russian olive seeds are dispersed by animals or by water (Mahoney & Rood, 1998; West et al, 2020). Once germinated, the seedlings can thrive in a wide variety of soil moisture conditions, including those found well above the water level of the river (Katz & Shafroth, 2003; Lesica & Miles, 2001; Shafroth et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecogeomorphic interactions of Russian olives (Elaeagnus angustifolia) and point‐bar morphology along Powder River, Montana, USA

Moody

Schook

2023

River Research & Apps

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Point bars are crucial alluvial features that help sustain meandering river ecosystems.They are influenced by interactions among physical processes and biological components, such as riparian vegetation. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these interactions can inform management decisions. The meandering Powder River in southeastern Montana, USA, provides a valuable study system for fluvial interactions because it has no major human alterations. Riparian stands of non-native Russian olive trees (Elaeagnus angustifolia) became noticeable after $50-year flood in 1978.Fortuitously, 20 channel cross-sections had been established in 1975 and 1977 and have been surveyed periodically ever since. This temporally extensive dataset was coupled with a spatially extensive dataset of 85 point-bar cross-sections derived from high-resolution LiDAR that enabled evaluation of interactions between Russian olives and point-bar morphology through time and space. Based on published literature and field observations, we hypothesised that an increase in the width of Russian olive stands would result in (1) a decrease in the overall point-bar slope, (2) an increase in point-bar heights and (3) in point-bar toe-slopes. The results indicated that point-bar slopes did decrease with an increase in stand width, supporting the first hypothesis (R 2 = 0.87). However, point-bar heights decreased with an increase in stand width (R 2 = 0.63), contradicting the second hypothesis and there was no relation between point-bar toe-slopes and stand width (R 2 < 0.1). The reverse hypothesis that point-bar morphology controls Russian olive stand widths makes more biophysical sense. Thus, Russian olive stand width increases as the point-bar slope and height decrease (R 2 = 0.79 and 0.50), which provide a greater area of inundation for colonisation. This study demonstrates that geomorphology is controlling non-native vegetation colonisation along Powder River, but that the subsequent stabilisation associated with Russian oliveexpansion may in turn upset the critical geomorphic balance between bank erosion and point-bar aggradation necessary for a stable meandering system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecogeomorphic interactions of Russian olives (Elaeagnus angustifolia) and point‐bar morphology along Powder River, Montana, USA

Moody

Schook

2023

River Research & Apps

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“…Because long‐distance dispersal events have been shown to disproportionately influence invasions rates relative to their frequency, documenting endozoochory is an important step towards adequately assessing Russian olive invasion risk (Nathan and Muller‐Landau 2000, Buckley et al 2006). Previous studies suggested most dispersal should be local but have documented signatures of invasion when secondary dispersal vectors are available (e.g., hydrochory; Pearce and Smith 2001, West et al 2020). Failure to consider the full picture of potential dispersal routes risks underestimating the rate at which Russian olive will move through the landscape even outside the pathways offered by riparian corridors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Russian olive seed dispersal has been documented to occur by hydrochory (water transport; West et al 2020) and endozoochory by birds (Olson and Knopf 1986, Edwards et al 2014). Despite small mammals documented consuming the seeds, no evidence exists to support mammals as agents of Russian olive seed dispersal.…”

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confidence: 99%

Coyote and porcupine spread Russian olive seeds through endozoochory

Campbell

West

2022

J Wildl Manag

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Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) is an invasive tree that has spread throughout much of the western United States. The mode of seed dispersal occurs by hydrochory and possibly by birds. Seed dispersal by frugivorous mammals has not been investigated.Between 15 October and 4 November 2020, we walked through Russian olive windbreaks in western North Dakota, USA, and surveyed for mammal scat, and found 10 coyote (Canis latrans) and 54 porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) scats that contained intact Russian olive seeds. We subsequently evaluated the viability, germination frequency, and time to germination of seeds ingested by coyote and porcupine relative to un-ingested control seeds harvested from trees at sites where we collected scat. Overall, Russian olive seeds that passed through mammal intestinal tracts had similar viability and equivalent (porcupine) or higher (coyote) germination frequency compared to controls. Additionally, coyoteingested seeds germinated earlier (time to germination was low) than controls, but porcupine-ingested seeds were similar to controls. Thus, our data supports the idea that mammals may be agents of regional Russian olive seed dispersal.

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“…Linking ecological drivers of propagule pressure to recruitment dynamics and biotic interactions can improve management efficacy and better predict costs. For instance, seed transport associated with flooding patterns might augment propagule pressure and shorten timelines for Russian olive ( Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) stand increase (West et al 2020). Rand et al (2020) demonstrated seed predation by a biological control agent reduces already limited seed availability, further reducing populations of a non-target thistle ( Cirsium canescens Nutt.…”

Section: Present—ars Weed Science Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Research Service Weed Science Research: Past, Present, and Future

Young¹,

Anderson²,

Baerson

et al. 2023

Weed Sci

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The U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) has been a leader in weed science research covering topics ranging from the development and use of integrated weed management (IWM) tactics to basic mechanistic studies, including biotic resistance of desirable plant communities and herbicide resistance. ARS weed scientists have worked in agricultural and natural ecosystems, including agronomic and horticultural crops, pastures, forests, wild lands, aquatic habitats, wetlands, and riparian areas. Through strong partnerships with academia, state agencies, private industry, and numerous federal programs, ARS weed scientists have made contributions to discoveries in the newest fields of robotics and genetics, as well as the traditional and fundamental subjects of weed–crop competition and physiology and integration of weed control tactics and practices. Weed science at ARS is often overshadowed by other research topics; thus, few are aware of the long history of ARS weed science and its important contributions. This review is the result of a symposium held at the Weed Science Society of America’s 62nd Annual Meeting in 2022 that included 10 separate presentations in a virtual Weed Science Webinar Series. The overarching themes of management tactics (IWM, biological control, and automation), basic mechanisms (competition, invasive plant genetics, and herbicide resistance), and ecosystem impacts (invasive plant spread, climate change, conservation, and restoration) represent core ARS weed science research that is dynamic and efficacious and has been a significant component of the agency’s national and international efforts. This review highlights current studies and future directions that exemplify the science and collaborative relationships both within and outside ARS. Given the constraints of weeds and invasive plants on all aspects of food, feed, and fiber systems, there is an acknowledged need to face new challenges, including agriculture and natural resources sustainability, economic resilience and reliability, and societal health and well-being.

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Flood dynamics dictate distributions of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (Russian olive) on a riverine floodplain

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Ecogeomorphic interactions of Russian olives (Elaeagnus angustifolia) and point‐bar morphology along Powder River, Montana, USA

Ecogeomorphic interactions of Russian olives (Elaeagnus angustifolia) and point‐bar morphology along Powder River, Montana, USA

Coyote and porcupine spread Russian olive seeds through endozoochory

Agricultural Research Service Weed Science Research: Past, Present, and Future

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