FLOHOF 2007: an overview of the mesoscale meteorological field campaign at Hofsjökull, Central Iceland

Reuder, Joachim; Ablinger, Markus; Ágústsson, Hálfdán; Brisset, Pascal; Brynjólfsson, Skafti; Garhammer, Markus; Jøhannesson, Tómas; Jonassen, Marius O.; Kühnel, Rafael; Lämmlein, Stephan; Lange, Tor de; Lindenberg, Christian; Malardel, Sylvie; Mayer, Stephanie; Müller, Martin; Ólafsson, Haraldur; Rögnvaldsson, Ólafur; Schäper, Wolfgang; Spengler, Thomas; Zängl, Günther; Egger, Joseph

doi:10.1007/s00703-010-0118-4

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…a frequently observed temperature gradient (Kaufmann et al 2002), which is mainly caused by cold winds coming from the glacier (reviewed in Matthews 1992;Obleitner 1994). Reuder et al (2011) found that the winds cool the environment near the ground, affecting mainly the early successional stages close to the glacier, whereas the impact gradually decreases along the chronosequence, i.e. a series of glacial moraines of increasing age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Correspondence of seed traits with niche position in glacier foreland succession

et al. 2011

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Changes in species composition during succession are driven by biotic and abiotic factors leading to a multitude of niches occupied by distinct species. Gradient analyses of plant communities provide opportunities to approximate the niche position of species along a successional gradient. Several plant traits have been used to explain mechanisms governing successional sequences, but generalising changes in species traits during primary succession is still controversial. This study examined whether the seed mass and the optimum temperature for germination could explain the niche position of several glacier foreland species along a primary successional gradient in the Austrian Central Alps. We hypothesised that pioneer species should possess lighter seeds and a lower optimum temperature for germination than late successional species. We found significant differences in the seed mass between species, but the seed mass did not correspond with the assigned niche position on the successional gradient. Germination responses to temperature also differed significantly between species. Pioneer species performed better at lower temperatures than late successional species, suggesting that the optimum temperature for germination is a driver of niche separation. We discuss the interactions between seed traits and environmental conditions along the primary successional gradient emphasising the importance of temperature requirements for the germination. Differences in the regeneration characteristics are a major cue governing species turnover in glacier foreland succession.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Correspondence of seed traits with niche position in glacier foreland succession

et al. 2011

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“…Local katabatic winds are developed at nighttime in mid‐ and low latitudes on the slopes on mountains and even small hills [ Monti et al , 2002]. In the case of large mountain glaciers, katabatic winds may occur also in summer and prevail through the day [ Reuder et al , 2011]. In the Antarctic and Greenland, katabatic winds are remarkably unidirectional and persistent [ King and Turner , 1997].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of katabatic winds and near-surface temperatures in the Antarctic

2011

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[1] A two-dimensional mesoscale model was applied to simulate wintertime katabatic winds in the Antarctic coastal region. Simulations were made for a constant slope angle with the slope height varying and for fixed slope heights with the slope angle varying. Thermal wind opposed the katabatic flow near the foot of the slope, but enhanced it over the high plateau. The steeper and higher the slope, the stronger the effect on the plateau. The 2 m potential temperature decreased down the slope toward sea ice, because (1) the katabatic wind resulted in the accumulation of cold near-surface air over the sea ice and the lower parts of the slope, (2) over the flat sea ice zone, the stratification was stronger, and (3) the shallow slope was within the strong surface inversion from over the sea ice. With a slope aspect ratio of 5 m km −1 and a slope height below 1000 m, 2 m temperature (T 2m ) decreased down the slope, but for slope heights of 1500 m and more T 2m increased down the slope. Adiabatic warming and, because of the stronger wind, enhanced turbulent mixing of the warmer air from aloft contributed to the warming. For slope angles ranging from 1 to 20 m km −1 , with a small slope height of 500 m, T 2m decreased down the slope but not monotonically, whereas with a slope height of 2000 m, yielding stronger winds and larger adiabatic warming, T 2m increased monotonically down the slope. The model results were supported by observations from several Antarctic sites with different topographic conditions.

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“…Adding a wind measurement system enables the investigation of dynamic processes such as low-level jets and orographically induced gravity waves. Mayer et al (2010) used SUMO data obtained during the FLOHOF field campaign in central Iceland in summer 2007 (Reuder et al 2011) to show the potential of UAS data for the evaluation of ABL parametrization schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling the Arctic Stable Boundary Layer in Advent Valley, Svalbard: Measurements and Simulations

Mayer

Jonassen

Sandvik

et al. 2012

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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The unmanned aerial system SUMO (Small Unmanned Meteorological Observer) has been used for the observation of the structure and behaviour of the atmospheric boundary layer above the Advent Valley, Svalbard during a two-week period in early spring 2009. Temperature, humidity and wind profiles measured by the SUMO system have been compared with measurements of a small tethered balloon system that was operated simultaneously. It is shown that both systems complement each other. Above 200 m, the SUMO system outperforms the tethered balloon in terms of flexibility and the ability to penetrate strong inversion layers of the Arctic boundary layer. Below that level, the tethered balloon system provides atmospheric profiles with higher accuracy, mainly due to its ability to operate at very low vertical velocities. For the observational period, a numerical mesoscale model has been run at high resolution and evaluated with SUMO profiles reaching up to a height of 1500 m above the ground. The sensitivity to the choice of atmospheric boundary-layer schemes and horizontal resolution has been investigated. A new scheme especially suited for stable conditions slightly improves the temperature forecast in stable conditions, although all schemes show a warm bias close to the surface and a cold bias above the atmospheric boundary layer. During one cold and cloudless night, the SUMO system could be operated nearly continuously (every 30-45 minutes). This allowed for a detailed case study addressing the structure and behaviour of the air column within and above Advent Valley and its interaction with the local topography. The SUMO measurements in conjunction with a 10-m meteorological mast enabled the identification of a very stable nocturnal surface layer adjacent to the valley bottom, a stable air column in the valley and a strong inversion layer

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FLOHOF 2007: an overview of the mesoscale meteorological field campaign at Hofsjökull, Central Iceland

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

Correspondence of seed traits with niche position in glacier foreland succession

Correspondence of seed traits with niche position in glacier foreland succession

Interaction of katabatic winds and near-surface temperatures in the Antarctic

Profiling the Arctic Stable Boundary Layer in Advent Valley, Svalbard: Measurements and Simulations

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