1964
DOI: 10.1016/0003-3472(64)90113-7
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Flock structure of the red avadavat with particular reference to clumping and allopreening

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1966
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Cited by 20 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…This behaviour has been described as a replacement for aggressive behaviour when animals are forced to remain in close proximity (Harrison, 1965). Nevertheless, other authors envision social preening as a functional behaviour that helps birds to reduce aggression during social bond formation (Sparks, 1964). In fact, the higher frequency of social preening given and received found in early rearing periods (P1 and P2 compared to P3) would agree with the idea proposed initially by Zajonc et al (1975) and experimentally tested by Riedstra and Groothuis (2002).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 64%
“…This behaviour has been described as a replacement for aggressive behaviour when animals are forced to remain in close proximity (Harrison, 1965). Nevertheless, other authors envision social preening as a functional behaviour that helps birds to reduce aggression during social bond formation (Sparks, 1964). In fact, the higher frequency of social preening given and received found in early rearing periods (P1 and P2 compared to P3) would agree with the idea proposed initially by Zajonc et al (1975) and experimentally tested by Riedstra and Groothuis (2002).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 64%
“…Goodwin 1956;Killiam 1956), and allopreening appears to reduce ectoparasite burden in some species (de Brooke 1985;Kober and Gaston 2003;Radford and Du Plessis 2006). Birds also frequently direct allopreening to head and neck regions which are difficult to access via self-preening (Sparks 1964;Harrison 1965;Forsman and Wight 1979;Radford and Du Plessis 2006). However, the cursory nature of allopreening, often no more than the rapid movement of bill through feathers rather than thorough inspection as occurs during self-preening, suggests that a purely hygienic function is unlikely (e.g.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Allopreening has a biased distribution among bird species, occurring more commonly in species that live in colonies, small social groups or long-term partnerships (Sparks 1964;Harrison 1965;Kunkel 1974). Of course, these may be the very species that are most likely to harbour a greater number or diversity of ectoparasites due to their sociality.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In Van Rhijn's (1981) study, for example, information about the seasonal occurrence of postural classes provided one of the variables used in cluster analysis. Clumping and allopreening behavior of the Red Avadavat (Amandava amandava) are influenced by nonbehavioral factors including individual preference, gender, reproductive state, and plumage (eclipse or nuptial) (Sparks, 1964). Wiley (1975) validated the communicative significance of structural modes in the Song-spread of male Carib Grackles (Quiscolus lugubris) by considering context: beak and wing elevation varied independently of one another according to whether a display's recipient was a male or a female and whether the display was "spontaneous" (no obvious recipient within 1 m).…”
Section: Descriptive Frames Of Referencementioning
confidence: 99%