Flock house virus: A Nodavirus isolated fromCostelytra zealandica (White) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeida)

Scotti, Paul D.; Dearing, S.C.; Mossop, D.W.

doi:10.1007/bf01315272

Cited by 103 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…melanogaster cells [8] and serologically tested by gel diffusion to see if any of these yielded viruses which were related to insect nodaviruses isolated previously. An extract of one larva, collected from the same pasture from which Flock House virus [1,10] was obtained, was unique when tested serologically against all other extracts as well as against other insect nodaviruses. The physico-chemieal and serological properties of this virus, designated Manawatu virus (MwV) after the region in the North Island of New Zealand from which it was obtained, were examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manawatu virus: a nodavirus isolated from Costelytra zealandica (White) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Scotti¹,

Fredericksen²

1987

Archives of Virology

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An insect virus, called Manawatu virus (MwV), was isolated from a larva of the New Zealand grass grub Costelytra zealandica (White) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). MwV was serologically related, but not identical, to several insect nodaviruses. The single capsid protein of MwV was 40,000 MW, the same as black beetle virus (BBV), but virus particles had a different electrophoretic mobility from BBV. The bipartite RNA genome, like other nodaviruses, consisted of two species of MW 1.1 and 0.46 million. MwV particles sedimented at 142 S and had an estimated density in neutral CsCl of 1.366 g/ml compared with 1.352 g/ml for BBV. The serological and physico-chemical properties, compared with other nodaviruses, indicate that MwV is unique.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manawatu virus: a nodavirus isolated from Costelytra zealandica (White) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Scotti¹,

Fredericksen²

1987

Archives of Virology

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“…IA) (16), with both RNAs packaged in the same particle (7,8). RNA1 (3.1 kb) (17) encodes all viral contributions to the FHV RNA replicase and can replicate autonomously (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

Complete replication of an animal virus and maintenance of expression vectors derived from it in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Price

Rueckert

Ahlquist

1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

104

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Here we describe the first instances to our knowledge of animal virus genome replication, and of de novo synthesis of infectious virions by a nonendogenous virus, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whose versatile genetics offers significant advantages for studying viral replication and virus-host interactions. Flock house virus (FHV) is the most extensively studied member of the Nodaviridae family of (+) strand RNA animal viruses. (5), and mammalian (6) cells, suggesting that host factors necessary for its replication are highly conserved. An FHV plaque assay (7) and neutralizing antibodies (8) allow sensitive detection of FHV virions. Infectious transcripts from full-length cDNAs can be produced in vitro (9) and in vivo (10). The cis elements needed for genome replication have been characterized (11, 12) and FHV RNAs have been used to carry and express heterologous sequences (13). In addition, a replicase capable of full in vitro replication of added FHV RNA has been isolated from infected cells (14,15).The FHV genome is bipartite (Fig. IA) MATERIALS AND METHODSPlasmids. To construct plR and pl(fs)R (see Results), the 5.3-kb ScaI-NarI fragment of pFHV1 [1,0] (10), containing an FHV RNA1 cDNA flanked 1 nt from its 5' end by a T7 promoter and 0 nt from its 3' end by a hepatitis delta virus ribozyme and a T7 terminator, was transferred to the 3.0-kb NarI-ScaI fragment of the yeast shuttle plasmid YEplac12 (24). For pl(fs)R, the EagI site at position 373 of the FHV RNA1 cDNA was digested, filled in, and religated. The 0.17-kb Sacl fragment containing the T7 terminator was deleted from plR and pl(fs)R.To construct the plasmid pDU (see

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“…1, lanes d and e) Six plants of each species (four for tobacco) were inoculated with FHV virions, rinsed with distilled water, and then incubated at 240C. Half of the plants were harvested early (after 2 hr for barley, 3 hr for cowpea, 4 hr for chenopodium and N. benthamiana, 5 hr for tobacco), and half were harvested late (after 2 days for N. benthamiana, 14 days for all other plants). For barley protoplasts, only one preparation was used, and early and late harvests were after 1 hr and 2 days, respectively.…”

Section: Detection Of Infectious Virus In Inoculated Leaves Of Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic RNA of an insect virus directs synthesis of infectious virions in plants.

Selling

Allison

Kaesberg

1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

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Newly synthesized virions offlock house virus (FHV), an insect nodavirus, were detected in plant cells inoculated with FHV RNA. FHV was found in whole plants of barley (Hordeum vulgare), cowpea (Vigna sinensis), chenopodium (Chenopodium hybridum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and Nicotiana benthamiana and in protoplasts derived from barley leaves. Virions produced in plants contained newly synthesized RNA as well as newly synthesized capsid protein.These results show that the intracellular environment in these plants is suitable for synthesis of a virus normally indigenous only to insects. Such synthesis involves, minimally, translation of viral RNA, RNA replication, and virion assembly. Inoculation of barley protoplasts with FHV virions resulted in synthesis of small amounts of progeny virions, suggesting that FHV virions are capable of releasing their RNA in plant cells. In N. benthamiana, virions resulting from inoculation with RNA were detected not only in inoculated leaves but also in other leaves of inoculated plants, suggesting that virions could move in this plant species. Such movement probably occurs by a passive transport through the vascular system rather than by an active transport involving mechanisms that have evolved for plant viruses.Viruses vary greatly in the range of cellular hosts that can support their synthesis. Some of the constraints, especially those involving large taxonomic distances, are attributable to characteristics of the whole organism such as cellular organization, immune systems, and vascular networks. The relative ability of similar cells to support virus synthesis is believed to depend primarily on the ability of the viral genome to enter into the cell interior-i.e., on such features as cell surface structure and existence of receptors.The nature and extent of the constraints on virus synthesis are less clear once the genome has gained access to the cell interior. Virus synthesis is a complex phenomenon that requires satisfaction of an entire range of requirements interrelating translation, transcription, genome replication, and virion assembly, involving co-factors, membranes, and organelles and affected by environmental factors such as temperature, ionic conditions, and lytic agents.It might be expected that cells of taxonomically diverse organisms would be unlikely to provide internal cellular conditions that are suitable for synthesis of a particular virus and, indeed, the host range of most viruses is confined narrowly within a taxonomic phylum. Nevertheless, there are a substantial number of examples of viruses whose host range extends beyond a single phylum and a small number of cases exist of viruses whose host range extends to two taxonomic kingdoms. Almost always these are viruses that multiply in insects that serve as vectors to vertebrate or to plant hosts. Especially in cases of insect vectored plant viruses the insect host range is quite narrow (1-3). Thus, particular viruses can accommodate to greatly different cellular environments but nevertheless ca...

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Flock house virus: A Nodavirus isolated fromCostelytra zealandica (White) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeida)

Cited by 103 publications

References 24 publications

Manawatu virus: a nodavirus isolated from Costelytra zealandica (White) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Manawatu virus: a nodavirus isolated from Costelytra zealandica (White) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Complete replication of an animal virus and maintenance of expression vectors derived from it in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Genomic RNA of an insect virus directs synthesis of infectious virions in plants.

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