Flocculation of microalgae in brackish and sea waters

Sukenik, Assaf; Bilanovic, Dragoljub; Shelef, G.

doi:10.1016/0144-4565(88)90084-4

Cited by 119 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…At high ionic strengths it is believed that polyelectrolytes tend to fold tightly and are unable to bridge between micro-algal cells to form a floc (Molina Grima et al 2003). In marine systems the use of polyelectrolytes in conjunction with inorganic flocculants, ferric salts, alum and lime has been found to be effective (Knuckey et al 2006;Sukenik et al 1988), but the dosage of flocculants to flocculate marine micro-algae has been found to be 5 to 10 times higher than that for freshwater micro-algae (Knuckey et al 2006;Uduman et al 2010). The flocculant dosage required for the removal of 90% of micro-algae from suspension has been found to increase linearly with salinity as expressed in ionic strength (Shelef et al 1984b;Sukenik et al 1988).…”

Section: Flocculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the harvesting of micro-algae for biofuel production

Milledge

Heaven

2012

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

551

267

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Section: Flocculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the harvesting of micro-algae for biofuel production

Milledge

Heaven

2012

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

551

267

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“…For example, a complete removal of freshwater microalgae, Chlorella and Scenedesmus, using 10 mg/L of polyelectrolytes while 95% removal using 3 mg/L of polyelectrolites has been reported [59]. A comparative study where alum and ferric chloride were use as flocculants for three species of algal biomass (Chlorella vulgaris, I. galbana and C. stigmatophora) indicated the low dosages of alum (25 mg/L) and ferric chloride (11 mg/L) were sufficient for optimal removal of Chlorella vulgaris, while higher dosages of alum and ferric chloride were required for the removal of marine cultures I. galbana (225 mg/L alum; 120 mg/L ferric chloride) and C. stigmatophora (140 mg/L alum; 55 mg/L ferric chloride) [66]. Additionally it has been reported that the combined use of chitosan at low concentrations (2.5 mg/L) and ferric chloride provided much quicker flocculation of the algal cells, Chlorella vulgaris, I. galbana and C. stigmatophora, and reduced the requirement of ferric chloride [67].…”

Section: Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving a Green Solution: Limitations and Focus Points for Sustainable Algal Fuels

Aitken

Antízar-Ladislao

2012

Energies

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Abstract:Research investigating the potential of producing biofuels from algae has been enjoying a recent revival due to heightened oil prices, uncertain fossil fuel sources and legislative targets aimed at reducing our contribution to climate change. If the concept is to become a reality however, many obstacles need to be overcome. Recent studies have suggested that open ponds provide the most sustainable means of cultivation infrastructure due to their low energy inputs compared to more energy intensive photobioreactors. Most studies have focused on strains of algae which are capable of yielding high oil concentrations combined with high productivity. Yet it is very difficult to cultivate such strains in open ponds as a result of microbial competition and limited radiation-use efficiency. To improve viability, the use of wastewater has been considered by many researchers as a potential source of nutrients with the added benefit of tertiary water treatment however productivity rates are affected and optimal conditions can be difficult to maintain year round. This paper investigates the process streams which are likely to provide the most viable methods of energy recovery from cultivating and processing algal biomass. The key findings are the importance of a flexible approach which depends upon location of the cultivation ponds and the industry targeted. Additionally this study recommends moving towards technologies producing higher energy recoveries such as pyrolysis or anaerobic digestion as opposed to other studies which focused upon biodiesel production.

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“…This seems at first thought to be great; however the efficiency of this method will not be high. Plus it would hardly work at all in an open-pond reactor if no CO 2 was being bubbled through the water (Sukenik et al, 1988).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harvesting Chaetoceros Calcitrans and Nannochloropsis sp. Via Electroflocculation

Raut¹,

Saini²,

Vaidya³

2017

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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The efficiency of harvesting the algal biomass plays a dominant role in the production of biodiesel from microalgae. On a commercial scale the choice and efficiency of the harvesting techniques may be a deciding factor for economic viability of this renewable energy source. The highly energy intensive centrifugation and filtration process are followed by flocculation for harvesting microalgae. Therefore the choice, cost and efficiency of the flocculating techniques can effectively lower the cost of harvesting and in turn minimize the cost of biodiesel production. This study aims to investigate the electroflocculation technique for harvesting microalgae under optimizing the operating parameters viz. voltage and current. Chaetoceros calcitrans and Nannochloropsis sp. were cultured and electrofloculated with a harvesting efficiency of 92 and 95% respectively at the optimum voltage and current.

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Flocculation of microalgae in brackish and sea waters

Cited by 119 publications

References 9 publications

A review of the harvesting of micro-algae for biofuel production

A review of the harvesting of micro-algae for biofuel production

Achieving a Green Solution: Limitations and Focus Points for Sustainable Algal Fuels

Harvesting Chaetoceros Calcitrans and Nannochloropsis sp. Via Electroflocculation

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