Flocculation of kaolin and lignin by bovine blood and hemoglobin

Piazza, George J.; Lora, Jairo H.; García, Rafael A.

doi:10.1002/jctb.4443

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Blood has a high concentration of the protein hemoglobin (Hb) and Hb is easily isolated from whole blood. Hb has been shown to be a very effective flocculant of kaolin and lignin suspensions, at relatively low doses . A major drawback of Hb‐flocculant is that its performance drops off rapidly as the pH increases above 5.5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylation of hemoglobin to enhance flocculant performance

Essandoh

García

Strahan

2017

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Synthetic organic polymer flocculants can be highly effective at clarifying suspensions, but these substances may also have negative environmental and health effects. Relatively few studies have been done using biobased flocculants, which are more environment friendly. Hemoglobin (Hb) has previously been demonstrated to be a promising flocculant of kaolin and lignin suspensions. This study examines the methylation of Hb side chain carboxyl groups for the purpose of improving its flocculation performance at near‐neutral pH. RESULTS Potentiometric titration of methylated Hb (MeHb) showed an approximately 28% degree of methylation when the Hb was suspended in methanol with 0.8 mol L−1 HCl for 48 h. Under some conditions, MeHb clarified suspensions of kaolin at one‐quarter the dose that was required for Hb. Furthermore, MeHb exhibited flocculant activity over a wide pH range, compared with Hb. The percentage of original turbidity removed was 37% for Hb while 60% of the original turbidity was removed for MeHb at near‐neutral pH (pH = 6.8). CONCLUSIONS Very small doses of methylated hemoglobin (MeHb) rapidly clarify suspensions of kaolin. The potential of MeHb as a biobased flocculant for the clarification of water for industrial or municipal use was demonstrated. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylation of hemoglobin to enhance flocculant performance

Essandoh

García

Strahan

2017

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…After determining that neutral PEO was a poor co‐flocculant for HEM, a new approach was tested using positively charged poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (pDADMAC) as a co‐flocculant for HEM. Previously, we showed that pDADMAC caused lignin flocculation when used in the range 15–20 mg pDADMAC g −1 lignin . Combinations of HEM and a suboptimal amount of pDADMAC (5.5 mg pDADMAC g −1 lignin) gave improved lignin flocculation (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the amide I absorbance from HEM is observed at 1653 cm −1 which demonstrates that HEM is present in the lignin pellet. That HEM, the highest abundance blood protein, has a strong affinity for lignin is consistent with results from our prior research which showed that bovine blood has an affinity for lignin . Also, the binding of HEM to lignin was directly measured (see below).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We reported that bovine blood (BB) and the flocculant poly (diallyldimethylammoniumchloride) (pDADMAC) act as flocculants on high purity lignin solutions . Also we reported that BB and pDADMAC are able to flocculate suspensions of lignin particles . Eight synthetic and biobased materials were shown to have flocculant activity toward suspensions of lignin particles …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Flocculation of wheat straw soda lignin by hemoglobin and chicken blood: effects of cationic polymer or calcium chloride

Piazza

Lora²,

García

2016

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Lignin is the largest byproduct of biomass processing. Flocculation could replace strong acid used in lignin recovery and be useful for the cleanup of lignin from residual processing waters. Commercial nonrenewable flocculants are known to be effective with lignin, but the investigation of renewable lignin flocculants has received little attention. RESULTS Methods were developed to economize on the use of biobased flocculant for wheat straw lignin flocculation. Thus, 43% less hemoglobin (HEM) and 39% less chicken blood (CB) were needed when the Zeta potential was increased by the co‐addition of poly (diallydimethylammonium chloride) (pDADMAC). Supernatant chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced by 78% with optimal pDADMAC and CB. Up to 94% less HEM was needed for lignin flocculation with the co‐addition of CaCl2. CONCLUSION Charge neutralization promoted lignin flocculation with coflocculants pDADMAC/HEM or pDADMAC/CB. Some lignin flocculation was noted at higher levels of CaCl2 due to reduced lignin solubility. Charge neutralization contributed to lignin flocculation at lower CaCl2 levels and high HEM. A novel finding was that divalent cation bridging promoted lignin flocculation in the presence of CaCl2 at lower levels of HEM. Lignin flocculated with HEM‐CaCl2 is possibly useful as a protein‐enriched animal feed. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…It is not clear, however, that isolating Hb from the other blood components is actually advantageous. Compared to whole blood, Hb isolate may be a more potent flocculant because the less effective components are removed; indeed, a previous study compared bovine whole blood and commercially produced Hb and found that the Hb was more effective on a total solids basis. Also, removing components that do not have flocculant properties may minimize the amount of blood substances that remain in the treated water, contributing to undesirable wastewater characteristics such as turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%