Flocculation in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> is repressed by the COMPASS methylation complex during high‐gravity fermentation

Dietvorst, Judith; Brandt, Anders

doi:10.1002/yea.1643

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This is consistent with the finding of significant variation in the strength of the silencing effect between different chromosome ends and in different strains. In strains where the COMPASS complex had a strong silencing effect, genetic inactivation of this complex increased the expression of FLO1, FLO5 and FLO9 genes 14 . Compared to wild type cells, these mutants displayed enhanced flocculation during high-gravity fermentation, flocculating earlier and forming much larger aggregates 14 .…”

Section: The Flo Family Genes Are Unstablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In strains where the COMPASS complex had a strong silencing effect, genetic inactivation of this complex increased the expression of FLO1, FLO5 and FLO9 genes 14 . Compared to wild type cells, these mutants displayed enhanced flocculation during high-gravity fermentation, flocculating earlier and forming much larger aggregates 14 . These findings are of considerable interest concerning the regulation of flocculation, although it is not yet clear how they can best be applied to improve the control of flocculation in industrial fermentations.…”

Section: The Flo Family Genes Are Unstablementioning

confidence: 99%

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125th Anniversary Review: Yeast Flocculation and Sedimentation in Brewing

Vidgren

Londesborough

2011

Journal of the Institute of Brewing

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Flocculation is prerequisite for bulk sedimentation of yeast during brewery fermentation. Although single yeast cells gradually sediment in green beer, this sedimentation rate is too slow without formation of large yeast flocs. The present review concerns the major determinants of yeast flocculation and sedimentation in brewery fermentations. Flocculation characteristics of yeast are strongly strain-dependent and largely defined by which FLO genes are functional in each strain. In addition to the genetic background, several environmental factors affect flocculation. These can be, somewhat arbitrarily, classified as physiological factors, such as the calcium availability, pH, temperature and ethanol and oxygen concentrations in the medium or physical factors, such as cell surface hydrophobicity, cell surface charge and the presence of appropriate hydrodynamic conditions for the formation of large flocs. Once yeast flocs are formed, their size, shape and density and the properties of the surrounding medium affect the rate at which the flocs sediment. Higher gravity worts usually result in green beers with higher viscosity and density, which both retard sedimentation. Moreover, environmental factors during yeast handling before fermentation, e.g., propagation, storage and cropping, influence the flocculation potential of yeast in subsequent fermentation. Premature yeast flocculation (PYF) and the role of PYF factors are discussed. In conclusion, some potential options available to adjust yeast flocculation are described.

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Section: The Flo Family Genes Are Unstablementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Flo Family Genes Are Unstablementioning

confidence: 99%

125th Anniversary Review: Yeast Flocculation and Sedimentation in Brewing

Vidgren

Londesborough

2011

Journal of the Institute of Brewing

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“…H3 Lys4 methylation is also important for pseudohyphal differentiation. For example, deleting the SWD3 component of COMPASS, the Set1p-containing enzymatic complex, results in enhancement of flocculation, one of the hallmarks of psuedohyphal growth (Dietvorst and Brandt 2008). Together, these data highlight the importance of tight control of H3 Lys4 methylation levels during yeast cell fate determination.…”

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confidence: 94%

Fine-Tuning of Histone H3 Lys4 Methylation During Pseudohyphal Differentiation by the CDK Submodule of RNA Polymerase II

Law

Ciccaglione

2014

Genetics

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Transcriptional regulation is dependent upon the interactions between the RNA pol II holoenzyme complex and chromatin. RNA pol II is part of a highly conserved multiprotein complex that includes the core mediator and CDK8 subcomplex. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the CDK8 subcomplex, composed of Ssn2p, Ssn3p, Ssn8p, and Srb8p, is thought to play important roles in mediating transcriptional control of stress-responsive genes. Also central to transcriptional control are histone post-translational modifications. Lysine methylation, dynamically balanced by lysine methyltransferases and demethylases, has been intensively studied, uncovering significant functions in transcriptional control. A key question remains in understanding how these enzymes are targeted during stress response. To determine the relationship between lysine methylation, the CDK8 complex, and transcriptional control, we performed phenotype analyses of yeast lacking known lysine methyltransferases or demethylases in isolation or in tandem with SSN8 deletions. We show that the RNA pol II CDK8 submodule components SSN8/SSN3 and the histone demethylase JHD2 are required to inhibit pseudohyphal growth-a differentiation pathway induced during nutrient limitation-under rich conditions. Yeast lacking both SSN8 and JHD2 constitutively express FLO11, a major regulator of pseudohyphal growth. Interestingly, deleting known FLO11 activators including FLO8, MSS11, MFG1, TEC1, SNF1, KSS1, and GCN4 results in a range of phenotypic suppression. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SSN8 inhibits H3 Lys4 trimethylation independently of JHD2 at the FLO11 locus, suggesting that H3 Lys4 hypermethylation is locking FLO11 into a transcriptionally active state. These studies implicate the CDK8 subcomplex in finetuning H3 Lys4 methylation levels during pseudohyphal differentiation.?

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“…S2A). Because previous studies show that Set1 and H3K4 methylation is needed for proper gene expression (4,15,21,22,24,26,27,30,36), we hypothesized that yeast strains lacking H3K4 methylation are sensitive to BFA because of decreased gene expression and production of the known protein targets of BFA. Therefore, we examined the expressions of SEC7 and GEA1, which produce two guanine nucleotide exchange factors that are known to be directly inhibited by BFA (reviewed in ref.…”

Section: Set1 Methyltransferase Activity Is Needed For Wt Expression Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Loss of the catalytic protein Set1 results in the complete loss of global histone H3K4 mono-, di-, and trimethylation and alters expression levels at both euchromatic and subtelomeric genes (4,5,15,17,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). Several studies have been performed to understand the genes that are regulated by Set1 and histone H3K4 methylation (4, 15, 22, 27, 28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

H3K4 methyltransferase Set1 is involved in maintenance of ergosterol homeostasis and resistance to Brefeldin A

South

Harmeyer

Serratore

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Set1 is a conserved histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase that exists as a multisubunit complex. Although H3K4 methylation is located on many actively transcribed genes, few studies have established a direct connection showing that loss of Set1 and H3K4 methylation results in a phenotype caused by disruption of gene expression. In this study, we determined that cells lacking Set1 or Set1 complex members that disrupt H3K4 methylation have a growth defect when grown in the presence of the antifungal drug Brefeldin A (BFA), indicating that H3K4 methylation is needed for BFA resistance. To determine the role of Set1 in BFA resistance, we discovered that Set1 is important for the expression of genes in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway, including the rate-limiting enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. Consequently, deletion of SET1 leads to a reduction in HMG-CoA reductase protein and total cellular ergosterol. In addition, the lack of Set1 results in an increase in the expression of DAN1 and PDR11, two genes involved in ergosterol uptake. The increase in expression of uptake genes in set1Δ cells allows sterols such as cholesterol and ergosterol to be actively taken up under aerobic conditions. Interestingly, when grown in the presence of ergosterol set1Δ cells become resistant to BFA, indicating that proper ergosterol levels are needed for antifungal drug resistance. These data show that H3K4 methylation impacts gene expression and output of a biologically and medically relevant pathway and determines why cells lacking H3K4 methylation have antifungal drug sensitivity.chromatin | gene regulation | histone methylation | epigenetics M odifications on histones, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination, have been implicated in gene expression and silencing (1, 2). One modification on histone H3 that is associated with active gene expression is the methylation of lysine 4 (H3K4) (3, 4). H3K4 methylation is present concurrently in mono-, di-, and trimethyl forms in the cell (1, 2). Primarily, H3K4 methylation is maintained in a pattern that has trimethylation enriched at the 5′ end of ORFs, dimethylation throughout the gene, and monomethylation enriched near the 3′ end (3, 4). In humans, H3K4 methylation is mediated by methyltransferases MLL1-4 and Set1A and -B complexes, which are homologous to the yeast Set1 H3K4 methyltransferase complex (5-12). In addition, Set1 and the human homologs are known to interact with the Ser5-phosphorylated C-terminal tail domain of RNA polymerase II (3). More recently, di-and trimethylated H3K4 have been shown to be docking sites for chromodomain and plant homeodomain (PHD) fingercontaining proteins (1,13,14). Taken together, this and other studies suggest that the methylation of histone H3K4 plays a role in mediating gene expression by recruiting effector proteins.In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Set1 complex (Set1C or COMPASS) is responsible for the methylation of histone H3K4 and the kinetochore protein Dam1 (5,[15][16][17][18][19]. Loss of the catalytic protei...

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Flocculation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is repressed by the COMPASS methylation complex during high‐gravity fermentation

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

125th Anniversary Review: Yeast Flocculation and Sedimentation in Brewing

125th Anniversary Review: Yeast Flocculation and Sedimentation in Brewing

Fine-Tuning of Histone H3 Lys4 Methylation During Pseudohyphal Differentiation by the CDK Submodule of RNA Polymerase II

H3K4 methyltransferase Set1 is involved in maintenance of ergosterol homeostasis and resistance to Brefeldin A

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