Flocculation, coalescence and migration of dispersed phase droplets and oil–water separation in heavy oil emulsion

Kang, Wanli; Guo, Liming; Fan, Haiming; Meng, Lingwei; Li, Yuhui

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2011.12.011

Cited by 127 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The temperature of the irradiated material thus rises rapidly owing to the absorbance of the frictional heat. Hence, the extent of emulsification may decrease, leading to fast flocculation and coherence and, in turn, the phase separation of the emulsion [11]. The effects of microwave irradiation time and power on the B/N emulsion produced in the first stage of three-phase emulsion preparation are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsification characteristics of three-phase emulsion of biodiesel-in nitromethane-in-diesel prepared by microwave irradiation

Lin

Tsai

2015

Fuel

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsification characteristics of three-phase emulsion of biodiesel-in nitromethane-in-diesel prepared by microwave irradiation

Lin

Tsai

2015

Fuel

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“…Therefore, there are fewer free hydroxyl ions in the MgCl 2 solution than in the CaCl 2 solution. In addition, considering the hydrated ionic radius of Mg 2þ and Ca 2þ [i.e., 0.428 and 0.412 nm (Kiriukhim and Collins 2002)], the smaller the radius of hydration, the more easily electrons travel into the electric double layer, making the aggregation of oil droplets easier (Feng et al 2012). These two effects are in competition, and the influence of the Mg 2þ ions on the water-separation rates is greater than that of the Ca 2þ ions at low molar concentrations.…”

Section: Resins (Wt%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Surfactants and Alkalis on the Stability of Heavy-Oil-in-Water Emulsions

et al. 2016

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In this work, the effects of combining a surfactant/alkali on the stability of heavy-oil-in-water emulsions are analyzed by use of bottle testing, spinning-drop interfacial-tension (IFT) meters, microscopes, conductivity meters, zeta-potential analyzer Turbiscan laboratory expert stabilizer, and Anton Paar rheometer. The experimental results showed that the formulated surfactant (BS-12 and OP-10) had an optimal mass ratio (1:2), and the water-separation rates initially decreased sharply as the concentrations of the surfactant increased, before decreasing moderately until reaching a minimum value. The formulated alkali solution exerted a positive synergistic effect in tandem with the surfactant at low alkali concentrations. In this way, an increasing number of petroleum soaps are produced by reactions between the alkali solutions and the active components in heavy crude oil. However, the effect was reversed at high alkali concentrations, where the compression of the alkali on the electric double layer was more significant. Images of the emulsions taken with a microscope showed that the sizes of the oil droplets were the smallest when the alkali concentration was 0.2% and mass ratio of NaOH and TEA (triethanolamine) was 1:1, which indicated that the amount of petroleum soap produced reached the maximum at this point. In addition, TEA, as a type of surface-active molecule, can form cross-multiple adsorption and hydrogen-bonding structure with surfactant and petroleum soap at the water/oil interface. When the oil/water ratio was 7:3, the water-separation rate reached its lowest point 5.33% for 3 hours. In addition, the emulsion stabilized by the surfactant and the compositional alkali possesses salt tolerance and temperature resistance. When the concentration of the bivalent salt (CaCl 2 and MgCl 2 ) increased to 0.01molÁL À1 , the water-separation rate was less than 20%, and when the temperature increased from 30 to 60 C, the growth of back-scattering (BS) value was less than 2%.

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“…As such, they can only lead to comparative conclusions but never lead to any real systematic improvement of the design of the emulsions nor enable the optimization for varying storage, field or production conditions. Several researchers [35][36][37][38] have proposed that breaking of bitumen emulsions resembles the classical sintering process known in ceramics, latex paints and aerogels. After adding the breaking additive or destabilizing agent to the emulsion, a gel or network forms which further contracts and becomes a separate phase.…”

Section: Breaking and Coalescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a new experimental method for measuring coalescence in bitumen emulsions: A study of two bitumen droplets

Khan

Redelius²,

Kringos

2016

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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This is the published version of a paper published in Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. Citation for the original published paper (version of record):Khan, A., Redelius, P., Kringos, N. (2016) Toward a new experimental method for measuring coalescence in bitumen emulsions: A study of two bitumen droplets. Colloids and Surfaces• A new experimental method to study coalescence of two bitumen droplets is presented.• The developed test procedure is a novel state of art, quite simple and repeatable.• It is possible to study the coalescence process in bitumen emulsions on a large scale.• This method will serve its widespread applicability in cold mix asphalt technology. Cold mix asphalt (CMA) emulsion technology could become an attractive alternative for the road industry due to low startup and equipment installation costs, diminished energy consumption and reduced environmental impact. The performance of cold asphalt mixtures produced from emulsions is strongly influenced by a good control of the breaking and coalescence process. The wetting of bitumen on the surface of the aggregates is hereby of major importance for the performance of the asphalt. Premature coalescence of the bitumen emulsions away from the surface, could lead to poor adhesion and decreased mechanical strength of the asphalt. Today, the breaking and coalescence mechanisms of bitumen emulsions are still not fully understood due to their complexities and the lack of fundamental experimental methods and existing models. However, in the past years efforts have been made in defining relationships for understanding the bitumen emulsions. In this paper, a new experimental method is presented to study coalescence of bitumen by using shape relaxation of bitumen droplets in an emulsion environment. The coalescence of spherical droplets of different bitumen have been correlated with neck growth, densification and surface area change during the coalescence process. The test protocol was designed in a controlled climate chamber, to study the coalescence process with varying environmental conditions. The kinetics of the relaxation process was influenced by the temperature as well as other parameters. * Corresponding author. The research showed that the developed test procedure is repeatable and able to study the coalescence process on a larger scale. However, the relationship between the measured parametric relationships at the larger scale and the bitumen emulsion scale still needs further investigation. g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o

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Flocculation, coalescence and migration of dispersed phase droplets and oil–water separation in heavy oil emulsion

Cited by 127 publications

References 8 publications

Emulsification characteristics of three-phase emulsion of biodiesel-in nitromethane-in-diesel prepared by microwave irradiation

Emulsification characteristics of three-phase emulsion of biodiesel-in nitromethane-in-diesel prepared by microwave irradiation

Effects of Surfactants and Alkalis on the Stability of Heavy-Oil-in-Water Emulsions

Toward a new experimental method for measuring coalescence in bitumen emulsions: A study of two bitumen droplets

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