Floating breakwaters : state-of-the-art literature review / by Lyndell Z. Hales.

Abstract

Floating breakwaters Structure performance Literature review Wave transmission Mooring loads 20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse side II necessary and Identify by block number) A multitude of conceptual models of floating breakwaters have been proposed without extensive or complete evaluation of most of these concepts. The technical literature regarding floating breakwater applicability and design procedures is fragmentary and sometimes confusing. Clear, concise guidance does not always exist for those responsible for planning and developing wave protection measures which utilize floating breakwaters. This study reviewed (continued) DD^EDITION OF 1 NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Bnt UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEOVhen Date Entered) PREFACE This report is published to provide coastal engineers an evaluation of the existing technical literature (theoretical, field, and laboratory) on floating breakwater concepts. The work was carried out by the Hydraulics Laboratory of the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) under the coastal structures research program (Design of Floating Breakwaters work unit) of the U.S. Army Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC). The Design of Floating Breakwaters work unit was created because of the strong interest of field personnel in research on floating breakwaters. The Directorate of Research and Development (DRD) of the Office, Chief of Engineers (OCE) requested that guidance on this research be made available to the field offices as soon as possible. Improvements in the state-of-the-art of floating breakwaters are continual, thus some parts of this report may have become outdated prior to final publication.

Near-Shore Floating Wave Energy Converters: Applications for Coastal Protection

“…For given structure characteristics, the transmission coefficient K T is mainly related to l/L p being L p the peak wave length and l the breakwater length along the wave direction (in similitude to floating breakwaters; Hales, 1981). The larger the l/L p value, the smaller the K T coefficient.…”

Dynamic Analysis of an Array of Connected Floating Breakwaters

“…Each floater has its own ballast unit which is designed with excess mass that ensures that the ballast rests on the seabed. In another version, the ballast units can be joined together in one large unit that is positioned above the sea bottom with mooring lines and anchors [27]. In all versions, the floater moves periodically (like an inverted swinging pendulum) due to the incoming waves.…”

Performance Characteristics of a Rapidly Installed Breakwater System

“…Thus, if the draft is relatively shallow, the breakwater width needs to be longer to compensate. Hales (1981) performed a literature review of the state-of-the-art in floating breakwaters.…”