Abstract-Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox), which is assumed to be an appropriate process for the treatment of nitrogen-rich wastewater, is a promising and novel biological nitrogen removal process with attractive application prospects. However, the drawback of this cost-effective process is the low growth rate of Anammox bacteria. So the Anammox process are often operated at a long solids retention time (SRT) in order to cultivate biomass successfully. The granulation of Anammox biomass offers an effective strategy to retain the biomass in Anammox reactors compared with other formation of sludge. This paper reviewed the up-to-date research progress, the property, the cultivation, as well as the application of Anammox granular sludge worldwide.