Flint Water Crisis Caused By Interrupted Corrosion Control: Investigating “Ground Zero” Home

Pieper, Kelsey J.; Tang, Min; Edwards, Marc

doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b04034

Cited by 277 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For example, the issue with the possible chemical contamination of tap water from the plastic pipes is more likely a gradual change than a wild card, as it is not a rapid development and water works could monitor this and change their behaviour in case some concerning results would appear [12]. Most of the other issues we discussed are also more gradual than rapid in nature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One example is the water crisis in the Finnish town of Nokia in the year 2007: some 6000 people were taken ill because treated wastewater was accidentally released into the drinking water distribution system. Another example is the water crisis of City of Flint, Michigan, where residents were exposed to high levels of lead in the drinking water [12]. Thus, if a wild card materialises in water services, the question is not just about business opportunities or threats, but about human lives and functioning societies.…”

Section: Water Services As a Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weak signals and wild cards in water and sanitation services – exploring an approach for water utilities

Takala

Heino

2017

Eur J Futures Res

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Weak signals and wild cards are used to scan the environment and make systems more sensitive to emerging changes. In this paper, the applicability of weak signals and wild cards is experimented in a case of a highly reliable and conservative sector, water and sanitation services. The aim is to explore an approach suitable for water utilities. The paper discusses different theoretical and methodological approaches to weak signals and wild cards, and reflects these in relation to the chosen approach. It is argued that the process of weak signals and wild cards can serve as a communication and reflection exercise for an organisation like a water utility. Furthermore, incorporating weak signals and wild cards can be an essential part in futures thinking, challenge prevailing mental models, and make systems more open to sense and learn from their environment. It is recommended for water utilities to apply a loose approach on weak signals and wild cards and embed it as a part of their organisational culture. However, it should be remembered that the approach should always be chosen to match the overall objectives and context.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Services As a Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weak signals and wild cards in water and sanitation services – exploring an approach for water utilities

Takala

Heino

2017

Eur J Futures Res

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“…Simultaneously, human activity has degraded the quality of these vital resources through the discharge of chemicals into ground and surface waters, [1][2][3] while the deterioration of centralized water distribution systems hinders conservation of these resources. [4][5][6] As pressure from these factors mounts, a recognition has emerged that, along with better conservation and management of existing resources, nontraditional sources of water (e.g., seawater, brackish water, and wastewater) will need to become components of the water supply portfolio. Membrane separations have already made an impact in the water treatment arena as highlighted by the successful implementation of seawater desalination by reverse osmosis (SWRO) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fit-for-purpose block polymer membranes molecularly engineered for water treatment

et al. 2018

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Continued stresses on fresh water supplies necessitate the utilization of non-traditional resources to meet the growing global water demand. Desalination and hybrid membrane processes are capable of treating non-traditional water sources to the levels demanded by users. Specifically, desalination can produce potable water from seawater, and hybrid processes have the potential to recover valuable resources from wastewater while producing water of a sufficient quality for target applications. Despite the demonstrated successes of these processes, state-of-the-art membranes suffer from limitations that hinder the widespread adoption of these water treatment technologies. In this review, we discuss nanoporous membranes derived from self-assembled block polymer precursors for the purposes of water treatment. Due to their well-defined nanostructures, myriad chemical functionalities, and the ability to molecularly-engineer these properties rationally, block polymer membranes have the potential to advance water treatment technologies. We focus on block polymer-based efforts to: (1) nanomanufacture large areas of highperformance membranes; (2) reduce the characteristic pore size and push membranes into the reverse osmosis regime; and (3) design and implement multifunctional pore wall chemistries that enable solute-specific separations based on steric, electrostatic, and chemical affinity interactions. The use of molecular dynamics simulations to guide block polymer membrane design is also discussed because its ability to systematically examine the available design space is critical for rapidly translating fundamental understanding to water treatment applications. Thus, we offer a full review regarding the computational and experimental approaches taken in this arena to date while also providing insights into the future outlook of this emerging technology.

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“…The water crisis in Flint, Michigan [1], and the effects of it, has shown how important for tap water quality is stability of water, corrosion control and monitoring of heavy metals in Water Supply Systems (WSS). According to World Health Organization guidelines [2,3], monitoring of heavy metals in drinking water has become one of the elements that have to be taken into account in estimating the risk to human health, and lead, in the International Program on Chemical Safety, is one of 10 chemicals important for public health [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of heavy metals in selected Water Supply Systems in Poland, in relation to current regulations

et al. 2018

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Abstract.The study presents an analysis of water quality monitoring in terms of the content of heavy metals, which is conducted in three independent water supply systems in Poland. The analysis showed that the monitoring of heavy metals isn't reliable -both the quantity of tested water samples and the location of the monitoring points are the problem. The analysis of changes in water quality from raw water to tap water was possible only for one of the analysed systems and indicate a gradual deterioration of water quality, although still within acceptable limits of legal regulations.

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Flint Water Crisis Caused By Interrupted Corrosion Control: Investigating “Ground Zero” Home

Cited by 277 publications

References 23 publications

Weak signals and wild cards in water and sanitation services – exploring an approach for water utilities

Weak signals and wild cards in water and sanitation services – exploring an approach for water utilities

Fit-for-purpose block polymer membranes molecularly engineered for water treatment

Monitoring of heavy metals in selected Water Supply Systems in Poland, in relation to current regulations

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