Flight‐initiation response reflects short‐ and long‐term human visits to remote islets

Thibault, Martin; Weston, Michael A.; Ravache, Andréas; Vidal, Éric

doi:10.1111/ibi.12810

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Although Sri Lanka is large and not particularly isolated, such differences may manifest themselves over fairly modest geographical scales. For example, even within one island group, avian FIDs can vary, being longer on islands with introduced predators or those visited infrequently by people (St Clair et al 2010;Thibault et al 2020). Thus, comparative analyses involving island avifaunas may reveal new or specific patterns in FID, potentially different from those derived from predominantly continental datasets (Blumstein 2019;Tryjanowksi et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and environmental predictors of escape among birds on a large tropical island

Ekanayake

Gnanapragasam

Ranawana

et al. 2022

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Ecological and environmental traits can influence avian escape behaviour but most data underpinning our current understanding relates to continental and temperate areas and species. We conducted a phylogenetically controlled comparative analysis of flight-initiation distance (FID) against a variety of environmental, behavioural and life history attributes for Sri Lankan birds (202 species; n = 2540). As with other studies, body mass was positively associated with FID, and longer FIDs occurred in areas where human population density was lower. We also found that the effect of human population density was more pronounced in larger birds. Birds that were in groups when approached tended to have longer FIDs. Unlike the findings of other comparative analyses, based mostly on continental, temperate populations, most other ecological variables did not feature in the best models predicting FID (time of year, breeding system, clutch size, habitat, migratory behaviour, development [altricial/precocial], elevation and diet). Thus, some associations (body mass and exposure to humans) may be universal, while others may not manifest themselves among tropical avifaunas. Further tropical datasets are required to confirm truly universal associations of environmental and ecological attributes and escape distances among birds. Significance statement Escape responses in birds are influenced by the environment in which they live, the conditions under which they face a threat and their own biological characteristics. The vast majority of our knowledge of avian escape behaviour is derived from continental, temperate species. We examined the environmental and ecological factors that shape flight-initiation distance (FID), the distance at which a bird reacts to an approaching threat (a walking human) by escaping, using 2540 observations of 202 bird species on a large tropical island—Sri Lanka. Several predictors of FIDs in birds are clearly influential for Sri Lankan birds: body mass, human population density and whether the bird is alone or in as group. However, many other putative predictors are not, suggesting that tropical island avifaunas may have different responses to approaching threats compared to their temperate continental counterparts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and environmental predictors of escape among birds on a large tropical island

Ekanayake

Gnanapragasam

Ranawana

et al. 2022

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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“…Animals may adapt to human presence by reducing the frequency at which they flee away from approaching humans (Malo et al, 2011; Tablado & Jenni, 2017; Thibault et al, 2020). They can adapt by allowing humans to get closer to them before fleeing/running away, normally termed the flight initiation distance – FID (Blumstein et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human depredation risk and flight initiation distance of birds in rural areas, Zimbabwe

Ncube

Tarakini

2022

Afr J Ecol

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Human depredation threatens the conservation of bird species especially in rural areas where birds are hunted for protein. This study explored species found in Thekwane village of Bulilima district in Plumtree, Zimbabwe, from July to September 2020. A survey was conducted to assess bird's flight initiation distance (FID) across various habitats and times of the day. Fifty key informants reported which bird species were hunted by locals. A desktop survey was done to determine the average body mass and conservation status according to IUCN for all species recorded. The effect of body mass, time of the day, perch type/height, starting distance, flock size, hunting pressure and habitat type on FID was investigated using generalised linear models. Chi-square tests were used to explore association between key informants' citation frequency of birds and their level of hunting. The key informants cited 49 species commonly used for protein provision, while 58 species were recorded during FID measurements. FID increased with body mass, and the birds that were perching on the ground had longer FIDs. There was a linear positive relationship between FID and starting distance and large flocks had longer FIDs. However hunting pressure and habitat type had no significant relationship with FID. Our results suggest that the larger bird species had less tolerance to approaching humans and birds that were less likely to be hunted by people had similar levels of wariness compared to those that are more likely to be hunted. K E Y W O R D Sflight initiation distance, hunting pressure, perch type and height, starting distance body mass RésuméLa surchasse par l'homme menace la conservation de l'avifaune plus spécifiquement dans les zones rurales où l'avifaune est chassée comme apport de protéine. A travers cette étude, nous voulons comprendre l'influence de la pression cynégétique et de paramètres écologiques sur la distance d'envol de l'avifaune (FID). Ainsi la distance d'envol au sein de différents habitats et à différent moment de la journée, pour les espèces trouvées dans le village de Thekwane (district de Bulilima, Zimbabwé) entre Juillet et Septembre 2020, a été collectée Les données de FID ont été analysées en prenant compte plusieurs variables tel que la masse moyenne de l'espèce, la taille du groupe, la distance de détection de l'espèce, le type et location du perchoir, la période

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“…For example, Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis) may build additional burrows for shelter when threatened (Blumstein et al, 2001), bamboo rat (Rhizomys sinensis) selectively construct their burrows away from roads (Yuan et al, 2017), or some grassland species like alpine marmot (M. marmota) select regions with large stones to allow better vigilance (Borgo, 2003). Furthermore, species like alpine marmot and some waterbirds can behaviorally reduce flight initiation distance (FID) to optimize their fitness by the accustomed to nonfatal human activities (Feng & Liang, 2020;Louis & Le Berre, 2000;Thibault et al, 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of human activity on the habitat utilization of Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) in Zoige wetland

Zhou

Krzton

Gao

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Human activity is increasingly and persistently disturbing nature and wild animals. Affected wildlife adopts multiple strategies to deal with different human influences. To explore the effect of human activity on habitat utilization of Himalayan marmot ( Marmota himalayana ), habitat utilization patterns of three neighboring marmot populations in habitats affected differently by human activities were recorded and compared. We found that (a) distance between reproductive burrows (a represent of reproductive pairs) becomes shorter under the influence of human activities, and more burrows were dug as temporary shelters, resulting in shorter distance between those shelters and shorter distance flee to those shelters and, consequently, shorter flight initiation distance when threatened. More burrows that are closer to the disturbed habitats improve the ability to escape from threats. (b) Reproductive burrow site selection of the species is determined by the availability of mounds in the habitat, and breeding pairs selectively build reproductive (also the hibernation) burrows on mounds, potentially to improve surveillance when basking and the drainage of burrows. Human activities generally drive breeding pairs away from the road to dig their reproductive burrows likely to reduce disturbance from vehicles. However, even heavy human activity exerts no pressure on the distance of reproductive burrows from the road or the mound volume of the high disturbance population, potentially because mounds are the best burrowing site to reproduce and hibernate in the habitat. Marmots deal with disturbance by digging more burrows in the habitat to flee more effectively and building reproductive burrows on mounds to gain better vigilance and drainage efficiency.

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Flight‐initiation response reflects short‐ and long‐term human visits to remote islets

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Ecological and environmental predictors of escape among birds on a large tropical island

Ecological and environmental predictors of escape among birds on a large tropical island

Human depredation risk and flight initiation distance of birds in rural areas, Zimbabwe

Effects of human activity on the habitat utilization of Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) in Zoige wetland

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