Flight initiation distance and refuge in urban birds

Morelli, Federico; Mikula, Peter; Blumstein, Daniel T.; Dı́az, Mario; Markó, Gábor; Jokimäki, Jukka; Kaisanlahti‐Jokimäki, Marja‐Liisa; Floigl, Kristina; Zeid, Farah Abou; Siretckaia, Anastasiia; Benedetti, Yanina

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156939

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We were thus able to sample during (2020) and after (2021) the Covid-19 lockdown the same areas we sampled before lockdown (2018) in previous studies (Díaz et al, 2013(Díaz et al, , 2021(Díaz et al, , 2022. Paired comparisons according to study sites (see below) control for among-sites (cities and surrounding rural areas) variation in other factors potentially influencing FIDs, such as vegetation structure, human population density or the level of governmental restrictions (Díaz et al, 2022;Mikula et al, 2022;Morelli et al, 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lockdown effects on fear revealed direct and indirect effects of human presence on perceived predation risk

Dı́az

Møller

2023

Science of The Total Environment

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lockdown effects on fear revealed direct and indirect effects of human presence on perceived predation risk

Dı́az

Møller

2023

Science of The Total Environment

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…We fitted a Gaussian model structure and ran four Markov Chain Monte Carlo chains with default priors (i.e. uninformative priors) (following [ 48 ]). Also, to minimize divergent transitions, we set the target average proposal acceptance probability to 0.999 and the maximum tree depth to 20 (modified from [ 48 ]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…uninformative priors) (following [ 48 ]). Also, to minimize divergent transitions, we set the target average proposal acceptance probability to 0.999 and the maximum tree depth to 20 (modified from [ 48 ]). Lastly, we calculated the conditional R 2 and marginal R 2 to determine how much of the variance was explained by both fixed and random effects (conditional R 2 ) and only by the fixed factors (marginal R 2 ) using the b2_bayes function from the ‘performance’ package v. 0.9.1 [ 49 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear in urban landscapes: conspecific flock size drives escape decisions in tropical birds

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human-induced disturbances affect animal behaviours such as anti-predatory responses. Animals in urban environments tend to exhibit a reduced escape response, measured as a shorter flight initiation distance (FID), compared to their rural counterparts. While FID has been evaluated in animals dwelling in contrasting habitats (e.g. urban versus rural), little is known about how this response varies within urban environments, especially in tropical cities. Here, we studied the FID of 15 resident bird species in Bogota, Colombia, at 22 sites grouped into four categories (natural sites, metropolitan parks, zonal parks and residential areas) that differed in landscape features and evaluated which factors affected the escape responses of birds. We showed that birds foraging in larger flocks are more tolerant when being approached but they do not seem to be influenced by other factors such as heterospecific flock size, noise levels, pedestrian density, predator density, natural cover or body length. Also, birds inhabiting residential areas and parks showed a shorter FID compared to birds in natural areas suggesting that they are more tolerant of human-related disturbances compared to their conspecifics that live in natural areas within the city. Our study shows important differences in bird anti-predatory responses within the city and suggests that social strategies (i.e. flocking patterns) may be a mechanism for adapting to human-induced disturbances in urban tropical environments.

show abstract

“…Various aspects of the economy of escape have been studied, e.g., the effect of life history traits (Blumstein, 2006;Møller, 2014), human disturbance (Fernández-Juricic et al, 2005;Burger et al, 2010;Li et al, 2011), habitat type (Stankowich & Coss, 2007;Davey et al, 2019;Uchida et al, 2020), distance to refuge (Cooper & Samia, 2018;Morelli et al, 2022), or group size (Braimoh et al, 2018;Morelli et al, 2019). However, not many studies assessed how behaviours of individuals prior to and during approach affect escape decisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposing effects of vigilance and foraging on escape behaviour in hooded crows

Novčić

2023

Behav.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Escape represents an important component of animals’ antipredator behaviour entailing both benefits and costs dependent on a moment an animal flees upon predator’s approach. In this study, I examined how the level of vigilance and foraging activity affected escape decision in the urban hooded crow Corvus cornix, predicting that alert distance (AD) and flight initiation distance (FID) should be positively affected by the level of vigilance and negatively affected by foraging activity, whereas buffer distance (BD) should be negatively affected by the level of vigilance and positively affected by foraging activity. Using LMMs it was shown that percent of time crows allocated to vigilance was positively correlated with AD and FID, whereas foraging activity of crows had negative impact on AD and FID. In addition, both AD and FID were positively related to starting distance (SD), while AD was also positively influenced by tree coverage. BD was positively affected by foraging activity and AD. This study demonstrated that more vigilant birds detected predators earlier, which is in accordance with the major function of vigilance. Also, it was shown that foraging crows delayed their escape, once the predator has been detected, as benefits of delayed flight, such as feeding on a profitable food item or within a profitable patch, may outweigh costs, which is consistent with the optimal escape theory.

show abstract

Flight initiation distance and refuge in urban birds

Cited by 25 publications

References 61 publications

Lockdown effects on fear revealed direct and indirect effects of human presence on perceived predation risk

Lockdown effects on fear revealed direct and indirect effects of human presence on perceived predation risk

Fear in urban landscapes: conspecific flock size drives escape decisions in tropical birds

Opposing effects of vigilance and foraging on escape behaviour in hooded crows

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About