Flight initiation distance and escape behavior in the black redstart (<i>Phoenicurus ochruros</i>)

Kalb, Nadine; Anger, Fabian; Randler, Christoph

doi:10.1111/eth.12867

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, some studies have documented that birds may not associate being in a tree with safety (Blumstein et al, 2004). Furthermore, since FID can be used as an instrument to measure fear, Kalb et al (2019) state that birds perching higher above the ground may perceive an approaching terrestrial predator as less dangerous, and therefore, may flee at short distances, unlike those perched on the ground which perceive an approaching predator as a greater threat to them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human depredation risk and flight initiation distance of birds in rural areas, Zimbabwe

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Tarakini

2022

Afr J Ecol

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Human depredation threatens the conservation of bird species especially in rural areas where birds are hunted for protein. This study explored species found in Thekwane village of Bulilima district in Plumtree, Zimbabwe, from July to September 2020. A survey was conducted to assess bird's flight initiation distance (FID) across various habitats and times of the day. Fifty key informants reported which bird species were hunted by locals. A desktop survey was done to determine the average body mass and conservation status according to IUCN for all species recorded. The effect of body mass, time of the day, perch type/height, starting distance, flock size, hunting pressure and habitat type on FID was investigated using generalised linear models. Chi-square tests were used to explore association between key informants' citation frequency of birds and their level of hunting. The key informants cited 49 species commonly used for protein provision, while 58 species were recorded during FID measurements. FID increased with body mass, and the birds that were perching on the ground had longer FIDs. There was a linear positive relationship between FID and starting distance and large flocks had longer FIDs. However hunting pressure and habitat type had no significant relationship with FID. Our results suggest that the larger bird species had less tolerance to approaching humans and birds that were less likely to be hunted by people had similar levels of wariness compared to those that are more likely to be hunted. K E Y W O R D Sflight initiation distance, hunting pressure, perch type and height, starting distance body mass RésuméLa surchasse par l'homme menace la conservation de l'avifaune plus spécifiquement dans les zones rurales où l'avifaune est chassée comme apport de protéine. A travers cette étude, nous voulons comprendre l'influence de la pression cynégétique et de paramètres écologiques sur la distance d'envol de l'avifaune (FID). Ainsi la distance d'envol au sein de différents habitats et à différent moment de la journée, pour les espèces trouvées dans le village de Thekwane (district de Bulilima, Zimbabwé) entre Juillet et Septembre 2020, a été collectée Les données de FID ont été analysées en prenant compte plusieurs variables tel que la masse moyenne de l'espèce, la taille du groupe, la distance de détection de l'espèce, le type et location du perchoir, la période

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human depredation risk and flight initiation distance of birds in rural areas, Zimbabwe

Ncube

Tarakini

2022

Afr J Ecol

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“…This would require permanent marking of individuals in order to follow them through a longer period of time and through different contexts. In addition, FID (and AD, see below) is likely to vary according to factors such as individual age, sex, stress responsiveness, or body condition (e.g., Seltman et al, 2012; Kalb et al, 2019). Accounting for such factors in future studies will allow refining repeatability estimates, with repeatability increasing as more residual variation is accounted for.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability of alert and flight initiation distances in king penguins: Effects of colony, approach speed, and weather

et al. 2022

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Alert distance (AD) and flight initiation distance (FID) are popular measures used to explore the reaction of prey to approaching predators, and thus the economics underlying optimal escape strategies. AD likely mirrors the effort invested into vigilance, while FID provides an estimate of the perceived risk of an approaching threat. Although individual variation in AD and FID is influenced by environmental factors such as variation in predation pressure and human disturbance, the repeatabilities of these traits (especially AD), and therefore their designation as personality traits, remain under‐investigated. Here, we studied the repeatability of AD, FID, and the decision to flee in a flightless, ground‐breeding seabird, the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus). A single experimenter approached three times over three consecutive days 47 incubating king penguins from two different colonies with varying human disturbance levels. We explored the effects of weather, time of day, and approach speed of the experimenter on these behaviors. Weather had an effect on all three behaviors. In warm, sunny weather AD increased. In rainy, windy weather birds were more likely to flee, but waited longer before initiating flight. Faster approach speeds between AD and FID increased FID. Weather conditions and speed of approach affected repeatability estimates, highlighting the need to consider external sources of variation when refining such estimates. FID and the decision to flee were significantly and moderately repeatable (r = 0.26 and 0.57, respectively), while AD was not. There was no evidence of behavioral habituation or sensitization in either colony.

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“…13 This is backed up by a recent study on escape behavior in the black redstart, where individuals preferred to flee into open habitats rather than into a bush. 25 Hence, future studies are needed to investigate how birds perceive cover and how perceived predation risk affects the flicking behavior of a given species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The functions of tail flicking in birds: A meta-analysis

Randler

Kalb

2020

Avian Biology Research

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Tail flicking is a common behavior that can be observed in many bird species. Various studies have investigated this behavior in different contexts such as during foraging, social interactions, or during predator–prey interactions. Nonetheless, there has been no statistical synthesis of results concerning the most commonly hypothesized functions of tail flicking. We conducted meta-analyses of published studies reporting flicking rates of birds in different contexts to identify a general function of tail flicking across species. We found evidence that tail flicking does not serve only one function but most likely has various functions across species. We found the general trend for flicking being a reflection of vigilance and predation risk. Flicking was related to flock size as rates decreased with increasing flock size, which might be related to a decreased individual predation risk in larger flocks. Moreover, we found flicking to be related to body condition and prey flushing. However, effect sizes for these hypotheses were only available from very few studies (body condition k = 2, prey flushing k = 3). Hence, future research concerning these two functions are necessary. Finally, our results suggested that flicking is not used for social communication, as it was not related to the presence of a conspecific or social status of an individual.

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Flight initiation distance and escape behavior in the black redstart (Phoenicurus ochruros)

Cited by 23 publications

References 44 publications

Human depredation risk and flight initiation distance of birds in rural areas, Zimbabwe

Human depredation risk and flight initiation distance of birds in rural areas, Zimbabwe

Repeatability of alert and flight initiation distances in king penguins: Effects of colony, approach speed, and weather

The functions of tail flicking in birds: A meta-analysis

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