Flight initiation by <i>Prostephanus truncatus</i> in relation to time of day, temperature, relative humidity and starvation

Fadamiro, Henry Y.; Wyatt, Tristram D.

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1995.tb01937.x

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the short term, climate has a direct affect on the propensity of insects to disperse by flight. Fadamiro & Wyatt (1995) observed an optimum temperature for flight in the range of 25-30 C, a nonlinear response, and a progressive (linear) increase in flight as RH rose from 25% to 50% to 75%, although differences were not statistically significant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Can observation of climatic variables be used to predict the flight dispersal rates of Prostephanus truncatus?

Hodges¹,

Addo²,

Birkinshaw³

2003

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 Attack by Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) on the maize and cassava stored by small-holder farmers in Africa is sporadic, varying considerably within and between years. The risk that food in store will become infested is related to the number of beetles dispersing by flight. A means of predicting years with high dispersal rates is needed to warn farmers when to be vigilant. 2 The relationship between climatic variables and pheromone trap catches was observed in a forest-savannah transition zone in Ghana. These observations were used to devise a model using a mix of biological and empirical rules that operate on temperature and humidity data. The predicted and actual trap catch deviated by only þ5% to À1% in years when there were high dispersal rates. 3 The first part of the model estimates the numbers of beetles with potential for dispersal. The second part predicts the proportion likely to disperse. This is based on the apparent effect that those P. truncatus developing under low temperature conditions (about 24 C) have a lowered propensity for flight, a response previously observed in a related species. 4 The model was validated using climate data and trap catches from a woodlandsavannah zone and a short grass steppe zone. With minor adjustment, the model worked well for these two habitats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Dispersal of P. truncatus is believed to result from crowding and degradation of food resources (Fadamiro & Wyatt, 1995;Scholz et al, 1997). The rate of insect development and consequently the rate of population growth is affected by long-term climatic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can observation of climatic variables be used to predict the flight dispersal rates of Prostephanus truncatus?

Hodges¹,

Addo²,

Birkinshaw³

2003

Agri and Forest Entomology

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“…Parasitoids exposed to hosts commonly have shortened longevity, which has been attributed to the expenditure of energy in host searching or oviposition, and possible injury due to host defensive behavior (Foerster and Doetzer 2003;Browning and Oatman 1985). Various environmental conditions, especially temperature and humidity, have a significant influence on insect activity (Fadamiro and Wyatt 1995;Isard et al 1999;Kroder et al 2006). The effects of temperature or humidity on selected parasitoid activity, for example walking activity and flight, have been well studied (e.g., Shapiro and Pickering 2000;Suverkropp et al 2001;Langer et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Flight potential of Microplitis mediator, a parasitoid of various lepidopteran pests

Zhang

et al. 2008

BioControl

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The efficacy of using natural enemies to control pests under field conditions largely depends on their mobility and, more specifically, on their capacity to quickly locate pest infestation. For many natural enemies, for example parasitoids, mobility is directly related to flight aptitude, which is determined by the capacity and inclination of a species to engage in flight. In this study, we determined the various factors that affected flight performance of Microplitis mediator (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), using a computer-monitored flight mill. No differences were found in flight performance (i.e., flight distance, duration, speed) between both sexes of M. mediator, and flight capacity increased up to an age of 5-7 days followed by a gradual decline afterwards. For one-day-old female parasitoids, mean (±SE) flight distance and duration were 6.23 ± 0.88 km and 85.15 ± 14.44 min, respectively, with a maximum flight distance of 18.0 km. For male parasitoids, mean flight distance and duration were 5.27 ± 0.51 km and 85.74 ± 7.63 min, respectively. Mating status did not affect flight performance of males, while flight distance of four-day-old ovipositing M. mediator females was much lower than that of un-mated females of the same age. Un-mated adults flew most actively at 22-24°C and inclination to fly gradually declined with decreasing temperature. Temperatures above 26°C considerably reduced flight activity of M. mediator. Wasps engaged in normal flight under a broad range of relative humidity (RH) conditions, with an optimum RH range identified as 75-90%. Our research shows that M. mediator is a highly active parasitoid, because both sexes show great inclination to fly under a range of environmental conditions and flight capacity at different ages. Our results can help explain parasitoid performance in the field and provide baseline information to help guide augmentative releases.

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“…Adult T. castaneum also do not seem to be stimulated to ßy in response to short or medium periods without food, although increased ßight in response to lack of food has been reported for other stored-product insects. Short periods of starvation (24 Ð72 h) increased ßight initiation of R. dominica (Barrer et al 1993, Perez-Mendoza et al 1999a and P. truncatus (Fadamiro and Wyatt 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Rearing Density, Age, Sex, and Food Deprivation on Flight Initiation of the Red Flour Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

2011

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Effects of rearing density, adult density and sex ratio in the flight chamber, adult age, sex, presence or absence of food, and duration of food deprivation on rate of and time to flight initiation of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), were studied in the laboratory. Rates of flight initiation were slightly lower at lower rearing densities, but they did not differ with age or sex of adults, presence or absence of food in the flight chamber, or duration of food deprivation. Focal adults were less likely to fly when individuals of the opposite sex were present in flight chambers. Presence of the same sex or mixed sexes and numbers of individuals in flight chambers did not affect tendency to fly of focal individuals. Mean time to flight of older beetles (7-20 d old) was less than that of younger beetles (1-4 d old). No young beetles flew during the first 24 h of flight tests. Mean time to flight did not differ with rearing density, sex, presence or absence of food, or duration of food deprivation. Our results indicate that this species is highly dispersive during the adult stage and that flight does not seem to be associated with just prereproductive or postreproductive dispersal phases, high rearing density, or short to medium periods of food deprivation. Therefore, T. castaneum level of flight activity does not seem to be associated with factors that have been shown in the literature to increase dispersal by walking for this species and to increase flight initiation in other stored-product species.

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Flight initiation by Prostephanus truncatus in relation to time of day, temperature, relative humidity and starvation

Cited by 41 publications

References 9 publications

Can observation of climatic variables be used to predict the flight dispersal rates of Prostephanus truncatus?

Can observation of climatic variables be used to predict the flight dispersal rates of Prostephanus truncatus?

Flight potential of Microplitis mediator, a parasitoid of various lepidopteran pests

Effects of Rearing Density, Age, Sex, and Food Deprivation on Flight Initiation of the Red Flour Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

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