FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF <i>PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA</i> (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: YPONOMEUTIDAE)

Goodwin, Stephen B.; Danthanarayana, W.

doi:10.1111/j.1440-6055.1984.tb01952.x

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The source of DBM in western Canada is attributed to influxes from southerly regions (Smith & Sears 1982;Dosdall et al 2004b). Similar migrations have been reported in the UK (Hardy 1938;Chapman et al 2002), New Zealand, South Africa, and southern parts of Chile and Argentina (Talekar & Shelton 1993), Japan (Honda 1992) and Australia (Goodwin & Danthanarayana 1984). Moths are highly migratory and have been recorded to travel a distance of about 1500 km at 400 Á/500 km per night (Chapman et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Biological control of the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella: A review

Sarfraz

Keddie

Dosdall

2005

Biocontrol Science and Technology

230

154

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The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is one of the most destructive cosmopolitan insect pests of brassicaceous crops. It was the first crop insect reported to be resistant to DDT and now, in many crucifer producing regions, it has shown significant resistance to almost every synthetic insecticide applied in the field. In certain parts of the world, economical production of crucifers has become almost impossible due to insecticidal control failures. Consequently, increased efforts worldwide have been undertaken to develop integrated pest management (IPM) programs, principally based on manipulation of its natural enemies. Although over 130 parasitoid species are known to attack various life stages of DBM, most control worldwide is achieved by relatively few hymenopteran species belonging to the ichneumonid genera Diadegma and Diadromus , the braconid genera Microplitis and Cotesia , and the eulophid genus Oomyzus . DBM populations native to different regions have genetic and biological differences, and specific parasitoid strains may be associated with the specific DBM strains. Therefore, accurate identification based on genetic studies of both host and parasitoid is of crucial importance to attaining successful control of DBM through inoculative or inundative releases. Although parasitoids of DBM larvae and pupae are currently its principal regulators, bacteria-derived products (e.g., crystal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis ) and myco-insecticides principally based on Zoophthora radicans and Beauveria bassiana are increasingly being applied or investigated for biological control. Viruses, nematodes and microsporidia also have potential as biopesticides for DBM. When an insect pest is exposed to more than one mortality factor, there is the possibility of interactions that can enhance, limit, or limit and enhance the various aspects of effectiveness of a particular control tactic. This paper reviews the effectiveness of various parasitoids and entomopathogens against DBM, interactions among them, and their possible integration into modern IPM programs.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Biological control of the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella: A review

Sarfraz

Keddie

Dosdall

2005

Biocontrol Science and Technology

230

154

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“…The low-level caterpillar infestations that did occur on cabbages protected by netting in our study could be due to adult moths immigrating from nearby unprotected plots during the periods when the netting was removed in the daytime. This possibility seems likely for P. xylostella, which ßies principally throughout the night (Goodwin and Danthanarayana 1984) but can be observed ßying erratically when disturbed in the daytime. Despite this risk of occasional oviposition when the nets are removed, the practice has three advantages that offset this risk: 1) avoidance of overheating and shading the crop, which could decrease photosynthetic efÞciency; 2) facilitation of watering and cultural practices; and…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Efficacy of Mosquito Netting for Sustainable Small Holders’ Cabbage Production in Africa

Martin¹,

Assogba-Komlan

Houndete

et al. 2006

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The efficacy of a mosquito netting to protect cabbages, Brassica oleracea L., against pests was investigated in field trials in Benin, West Africa. A polyester net covered the plants at night by using a wood armature. The net was removed during the day to prevent overheating and excessive shade, both problems of insect-proof screens used under tropical conditions. The number of all lepidopteran larvae with netting protection and foliar insecticide sprays was significantly lower than the unprotected control. The number of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), was significantly lower with netting protection compared with foliar insecticide sprays and control. Netting treated with deltamethrin gave total protection of young plants against the aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach). At harvest, the number of marketable cabbages protected with untreated netting was significantly higher compared with the production with foliar insecticide sprays. The protection of cabbages with netting can be an economically viable method. Considering the price of cabbages on local markets (US dollars 1/unit), the net returns per 100 m2 were US dollars 247 by using netting, US dollars 149 by using insecticides, and US dollars 117 for controls. The net returns for using netting are based on replacing the netting each crop cycle. But netting can be reused several times, depending upon conditions, increasing the profit margin. The netting protection may be an alternative to the growing unsustainable practices of vegetable cropping in peri-urban areas of tropical countries.

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“…The development of smaller bodies may also permit nutrients to be redirected from structural tissues to reserve ones. Plutella xylostella is able to control the direction of local flights in gentle breezes (Goodwin & Danthanarayana 1984), but it uses atmospheric currents for long distance migratory flights (Chapman et al . 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the age of the host plant modulate migratory activity ofPlutella xylostella?

Campos

Schoereder

Sperber

2004

Entomological Science

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Ephemeral plants and most tropical crops are available to herbivore insects as irregular and unpredictable patches of resources. Insects that exploit patched habitats usually have well-developed migratory ability, and migration is a fundamental process in the cycle of colonization and extinction of the local populations. We ask here whether Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) uses the aging process of the host plant to modulate its migratory activity. The insect was reared in the laboratory on the leaves from the middle estratum (fourth expanded leaves) of cabbage ( Brassica oleraceae var. capitata ) of various ages, and on leaves from three strata of the mature plant. Females that spent their larval phase in young and tender plants lived for a shorter period of time and laid eggs immediately after metamorphosis. In contrast, mature plants, particularly the new leaves from the superior stratum, favored the development of adult phenotypic traits that occur in migratory forms, such as reduced body size, increased longevity and delayed reproductive activity. We suggest that the lesser nutritional quality and the short temporal persistence of mature plants are selective forces favoring individuals that are better prepared to abandon their habitat soon after emergence. Plutella xylostella may use the predictable ontogenetic changes of the ephemeral host plant to modulate its physiological and behavioral migratory ability.

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FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: YPONOMEUTIDAE)

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

Biological control of the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella: A review

Biological control of the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella: A review

Efficacy of Mosquito Netting for Sustainable Small Holders’ Cabbage Production in Africa

Does the age of the host plant modulate migratory activity ofPlutella xylostella?

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