Flies developed small bodies and small cells in warm and in thermally fluctuating environments.

Czarnołęski, Marcin; Cooper, Brandon S.; Kierat, Justyna; Angilletta, Michael J.

doi:10.1242/jeb.083535

Cited by 61 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(66 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…If so, this evolutionary response would match the developmental response reported by Czarnoleski et al. (2013, 2015). These researchers raised flies at either constant or fluctuating temperatures, while controlling the mean temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A provocative theory of metabolism even makes a bold and erroneous assumption that cells are of the same size in all organisms (West & Brown, 2005). Quite the opposite, cell size has varied among tissues, individuals, or species whenever biologists have focused their lenses on this subject (Arendt, 2007; Czarnoleski, Cooper, Kierat, & Angilletta, 2013; Kozłowski, Czarnołęski, François‐Krassowska, Maciak, & Pis, 2010; Stevenson, Hill, & Bryant, 1995). The variation in cell size within and among individuals of the same species poses a challenge for evolutionary biologists to explain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An emerging theory holds that cell size evolves according to a trade‐off between the capacity for and the efficiency of metabolism (Atkinson, Morley, & Hughes, 2006; Czarnoleski, Dragosz‐Kluska, & Angilletta, 2015; Czarnoleski et al., 2013; Kozłowski, Konarzewski, & Gawelczyk, 2003; Szarski, 1983). The optimal size balances the benefit of acquiring resources quickly against the cost of keeping membranes operational.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2013, 2015) used this theory to predict the optimal cell size at different temperatures. At a low temperature, where metabolism proceeds slowly, large cells should provide a sufficient area of membranes to transport the metabolites needed to sustain life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the mean or the variance of temperature increases, smaller cells would help to meet the increased metabolic demands of tissues, especially for oxygen and transcripts. These researchers found that flies ( Drosophila melanogaster ) raised at a greater mean or variance of temperature developed smaller cells (Czarnoleski et al., 2013). This plastic response to mean temperature mirrored that seen in other studies of flies (reviewed by Partridge & French, 1996; Angilletta, Steury, & Sears, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Flies evolved small bodies and cells at high or fluctuating temperatures

Adrian

Czarnołęski

Angilletta

2016

Ecology and Evolution

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent theory predicts that the sizes of cells will evolve according to fluctuations in body temperature. Smaller cells speed metabolism during periods of warming but require more energy to maintain and repair. To evaluate this theory, we studied the evolution of cell size in populations of Drosophila melanogaster held at either a constant temperature (16°C or 25°C) or fluctuating temperatures (16 and 25°C). Populations that evolved at fluctuating temperatures or a constant 25°C developed smaller thoraxes, wings, and cells than did flies exposed to a constant 16°C. The cells of flies from fluctuating environments were intermediate in size to those of flies from constant environments. Most genetic variation in cell size was independent of variation in wing size, suggesting that cell size was a target of selection. These evolutionary patterns accord with patterns of developmental plasticity documented previously. Future studies should focus on the mechanisms that underlie the selective advantage of small cells at high or fluctuating temperatures.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Flies evolved small bodies and cells at high or fluctuating temperatures

Adrian

Czarnołęski

Angilletta

2016

Ecology and Evolution

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Effects of thermal and oxygen conditions during development on cell size in the common rough woodlice Porcellio scaber

Antoł

Łabęcka

Horváthová

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During development, cells may adjust their size to balance between the tissue metabolic demand and the oxygen and resource supply: Small cells may effectively absorb oxygen and nutrients, but the relatively large area of the plasma membrane requires costly maintenance. Consequently, warm and hypoxic environments should favor ectotherms with small cells to meet increased metabolic demand by oxygen supply. To test these predictions, we compared cell size (hindgut epithelium, hepatopancreas B cells, ommatidia) in common rough woodlice (Porcellio scaber) that were developed under four developmental conditions designated by two temperatures (15 or 22°C) and two air O2 concentrations (10% or 22%). To test whether small‐cell woodlice cope better under increased metabolic demand, the CO2 production of each woodlouse was measured under cold, normoxic conditions and under warm, hypoxic conditions, and the magnitude of metabolic increase (MMI) was calculated. Cell sizes were highly intercorrelated, indicative of organism‐wide mechanisms of cell cycle control. Cell size differences among woodlice were largely linked with body size changes (larger cells in larger woodlice) and to a lesser degree with oxygen conditions (development of smaller cells under hypoxia), but not with temperature. Developmental conditions did not affect MMI, and contrary to predictions, large woodlice with large cells showed higher MMI than small woodlice with small cells. We also observed complex patterns of sexual difference in the size of hepatopancreatic cells and the size and number of ommatidia, which are indicative of sex differences in reproductive biology. We conclude that existing theories about the adaptiveness of cell size do not satisfactorily explain the patterns in cell size and metabolic performance observed here in P. scaber. Thus, future studies addressing physiological effects of cell size variance should simultaneously consider different organismal elements that can be involved in sustaining the metabolic demands of tissue, such as the characteristics of gas‐exchange organs and O2‐binding proteins.

show abstract

The temperature–size rule in a rotifer is determined by the mother and at the egg stage

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In most ectotherms, compared with development at low temperatures, development at high temperatures results in the acceleration of maturation, which in turn results in a smaller size (temperature-size rule, TSR). It is not known at which developmental stages this thermal response is determined. We exposed different life stages of the rotifer Lecane inermis to 15, 20, or 25°C to determine whether the TSR in the F1 generation is governed by the thermal conditions experienced by the mothers (F0 generation) during their development, during egg production, or during the development of the eggs or hatchlings. We found that the adult size was affected by the thermal conditions experienced by the mothers and embryos, but not by the conditions during post-hatching growth. We suggest that the thermal plasticity producing the TSR in rotifers may reflect the joint impacts of a maternal effect and a direct effect of the environment during egg development. The two-point control of the TSR resembles the thermal determination of other biological phenomena, similar to the thermally determined sex determination in ectotherms. Our results contribute not only to better understanding the proximate mechanisms of TSR, but also to comprehending the general biological mechanisms of response to temperature, which is one of the most important ecological factors.

show abstract

Flies developed small bodies and small cells in warm and in thermally fluctuating environments.

Abstract: SUMMARY

Cited by 61 publications

References 43 publications

Flies evolved small bodies and cells at high or fluctuating temperatures

Flies evolved small bodies and cells at high or fluctuating temperatures

Effects of thermal and oxygen conditions during development on cell size in the common rough woodlice Porcellio scaber

The temperature–size rule in a rotifer is determined by the mother and at the egg stage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About