Flexural strength and Weibull analysis of Y-TZP fabricated by stereolithographic additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing

Lu, Yuqing; Mei, Ziyu; Zhang, Junjing; Gao, Shoufei; Yang, Xingqiang; Dong, Bo; Li, Yue; Yu, Haiyang

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.10.058

Cited by 62 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Our results were in line with a previous study reported by Bergler et al (2021), which showed comparable flexural strength for both additively and subtractively manufactured zirconia [27]. On the other hand, Lu et al and Revilla-Leon et al reported that additive manufactured zirconia had a lower flexural strength than subtractive manufactured zirconia [17,28]. Further investigations are needed to investigate the influence of anisotropy on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured zirconia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Additively Manufactured Zirconia for Dental Applications

et al. 2021

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We aimed to assess the crystallography, microstructure and flexural strength of zirconia-based ceramics made by stereolithography (SLA). Two additively manufactured 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP: LithaCon 3Y 230, Lithoz; 3D Mix zirconia, 3DCeram Sinto) and one alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ: 3D Mix ATZ, 3DCeram Sinto) were compared to subtractively manufactured 3Y-TZP (control: LAVA Plus, 3M Oral Care). Crystallographic analysis was conducted by X-ray diffraction. Top surfaces and cross-sections of the subsurface microstructure were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Biaxial flexural strength was statistically compared using Weibull analysis. The additively and subtractively manufactured zirconia grades revealed a similar phase composition. The residual porosity of the SLA 3Y-TZPs and ATZ was comparable to that of subtractively manufactured 3Y-TZP. Weibull analysis revealed that the additively manufactured LithaCon 3Y 230 (Lithoz) had a significantly lower biaxial flexural strength than 3D Mix ATZ (3D Ceram Sinto). The biaxial flexural strength of the subtractively manufactured LAVA Plus (3M Oral Care) was in between those of the additively manufactured 3Y-TZPs, with the additively manufactured ATZ significantly outperforming the subtractively manufactured 3Y-TZP. Additively manufactured 3Y-TZP showed comparable crystallography, microstructure and flexural strength as the subtractively manufactured zirconia, thus potentially being a good option for dental implants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Additively Manufactured Zirconia for Dental Applications

et al. 2021

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“…Based on the previous research on the flexural strength of DLP-manufactured Y-TZP [ 7 ], this study further investigated its hardness and fracture toughness to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the basic mechanical properties compared to commercial milled Y-TZP. The limitation of this study is that the indentation fracture method used to determine the fracture toughness is not the standard method recommended in the ISO 6872 [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, there were a few studies on the mechanical properties of dental zirconia manufactured by 3D printing techniques. Lu et al investigated that DLP-manufactured zirconia can achieve high flexural strength close to milled zirconia [ 7 ]. Li et al printed the zirconia bridges and implants by stereolithography and displayed the defects in printed objects [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Hardness and Fracture Toughness of Y-TZP Manufactured by Digital Light Processing through the Indentation Technique

Mei

Lou

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Objective. The purpose of the study was to determine the hardness and fracture toughness of dental yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) manufactured by digital light processing (DLP) technology to study its clinical prospects. Methods. The experimental group was DLP-manufactured zirconia, and the control group was milled zirconia. The hardness was investigated under a range of test loads (0.49 N, 0.98 N, 1.96 N, 4.90 N, 9.81 N, 29.42 N, 49.03 N, 98.07 N, and 196.1 N). Meyer’s law was applied to describe the indentation size effect (ISE). Meanwhile, the PSR model and MPSR model were utilized to generate true hardness values. The cracks were observed to be induced by indentation under loads above 49.03 N, while the cracks showed the radial-median type under the load of 196.1 N, under which the fracture toughness was calculated. Results. The true hardness of DLP-manufactured zirconia was 1189 HV based on the PSR model and 1193 HV based on the MPSR model, a bit lower than that of milled zirconia. The fracture toughness was 3.43 ± 0.29 MPa √ m , which showed no statistical difference with the milled zirconia. Conclusion. The dental zirconia manufactured by the DLP 3D printing technique is similar to that manufactured by the conventional milling process in hardness and fracture toughness, thus having a promising future of clinical use.

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“…The strength values are higher than MEX-components produced with the same infill orientation [ 53 ]. However, the strength values are lower than for VPP and subtractively manufactured components [ 54 ]. Moreover, the strength is considerably lower than the typical value of 1200 MPa provided by the supplier [ 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In three-point bending tests, all specimens failed due to the pores and defects previously described, which were generated during the FFF of the parts. The FFF-induced defects ( Figure 6 and Figure 8 ) are more prominent and bigger than the intrinsic material defects ( Figure 7 ), which explains the generally low strength compared to traditional and VPP manufactured Y-TZP [ 41 , 54 , 69 , 70 ]. In the specimens with the 90° und ±45° infill orientations, different defect types are active.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Infill Orientation on the Properties of Zirconia Parts Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication

et al. 2020

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The fused filament fabrication (FFF) of ceramics enables the additive manufacturing of components with complex geometries for many applications like tooling or prototyping. Nevertheless, due to the many factors involved in the process, it is difficult to separate the effect of the different parameters on the final properties of the FFF parts, which hinders the expansion of the technology. In this paper, the effect of the fill pattern used during FFF on the defects and the mechanical properties of zirconia components is evaluated. The zirconia-filled filaments were produced from scratch, characterized by different methods and used in the FFF of bending bars with infill orientations of 0°, ±45° and 90° with respect to the longest dimension of the specimens. Three-point bending tests were conducted on the specimens with the side in contact with the build platform under tensile loads. Next, the defects were identified with cuts in different sections. During the shaping by FFF, pores appeared inside the extruded roads due to binder degradation and or moisture evaporation. The changes in the fill pattern resulted in different types of porosity and defects in the first layer, with the latter leading to earlier fracture of the components. Due to these variations, the specimens with the 0° infill orientation had the lowest porosity and the highest bending strength, followed by the specimens with ±45° infill orientation and finally by those with 90° infill orientation.

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Flexural strength and Weibull analysis of Y-TZP fabricated by stereolithographic additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing

Cited by 62 publications

References 32 publications

Additively Manufactured Zirconia for Dental Applications

Additively Manufactured Zirconia for Dental Applications

Determination of Hardness and Fracture Toughness of Y-TZP Manufactured by Digital Light Processing through the Indentation Technique

Influence of the Infill Orientation on the Properties of Zirconia Parts Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication

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