Flexural characteristics of material extrusion steel 316L: Influence of manufacturing parameters

Kasha, Anirudh; Obadimu, Solomon O.; Kourousis, Kyriakos I.

doi:10.1016/j.addlet.2022.100087

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Furthermore, it has also been noted that the porous nature of the sintered microstructures facilitates anisotropic mechanical behaviour owing to the variation in grain sizes (Rosnitschek et al, 2021). Kasha et al (2022) who observed variations in flexural strength values, similarly confirmed the influence of varying ME production processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Microscopic and mesoscopic/macroscopic structural characteristics of material extrusion Steel 316L: influence of the fabrication process

Obadimu

Kourousis

2022

IJSI

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PurposeThe material extrusion (ME) process induces variations in the final part’s microscopic and macroscopic structural characteristics. This viewpoint article aims to uncover the relation between ME fabrication parameters and the microstructural and mesostructural characteristics of the ME BASF Ultrafuse Steel 316L metal parts. These characteristics can affect the structural integrity of the produced parts and components used in various engineering applications.Design/methodology/approachRecent studies on the ME BASF Ultrafuse Steel 316L are reviewed, with a focus on those which report microstructural and mesostructural characteristics that may affect structural integrity.FindingsA relationship between ME fabrication parameters and subsequent microstructural and mesostructural characteristics is discussed. Common microstructural and mesostructural/macrostructural defects are also highlighted and discussed.Originality/valueThis viewpoint article attempts to bridge the existing gap in the literature, highlighting the influence of ME fabrication parameters on Steel 316L parts fabricated via this additive manufacturing method. Moreover, this article identifies and discusses important considerations for the purposes of selecting and optimising the structural integrity of ME-fabricated Steel 316L parts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Microscopic and mesoscopic/macroscopic structural characteristics of material extrusion Steel 316L: influence of the fabrication process

Obadimu

Kourousis

2022

IJSI

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“…This paper is part of a larger study by the authors (Obadimu, 2022) on MEX Steel 316L and builds upon an already published paper (Kasha et al , 2022). As a result, all the specimens used in our previous studies informed the design of experiment (DOE) matrix herein.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A total of 64 specimens were originally fabricated (printed), including 36 flatwise (tensile) dog-bone specimens and 24 flatwise flexural specimens, as well as 4 “on edge” orientation specimens, produced for a general flexural strength comparison, as detailed in the authors’ paper (Kasha et al , 2022). However, due to the rigorous D&S processing conditions, only 52 flatwise orientation specimens, including 32 dog-bone specimens and 20 flatwise orientation specimens, were deemed suitable for testing (inspected to be free of macro defects).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The full mechanical properties analysis of the tensile specimens, and a separate set of flexural strength specimens, have been reported in two different publications. It is again noted that, as the premise of the authors’ research was to focus only on the flatwise orientation specimen, the four on-edge flexural specimens were only used for a general comparison detailed in the authors’ published paper (Kasha et al , 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is evident from the above that the varying MEX manufacturing processes indeed induce anisotropic shrinkage behaviours in MEX 316L parts. However, this important aspect of the MEX process has received limited attention in the published literature when compared to the more comprehensive studies on the influence of varying MEX production processes on subsequent mechanical performance of MEX Steel 316L (Caminero et al , 2021; Kasha et al , 2022; Kurose et al , 2020) . While shrinkage behaviours of Ultrafuse 316L parts have been well documented (as highlighted above), the effects of varying MEX manufacturing parameters on subsequent shrinkage behaviour have not been investigated in depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shrinkage behaviour of material extrusion steel 316L: influence of primary 3D printing parameters

Obadimu

Kourousis²

2022

RPJ

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Purpose The wide application of metal material extrusion (MEX) has been hampered by the practicalities associated with the resulting shrinkage of the final parts when commercial three-dimensional (3D) printing equipment is used. The shrinkage behaviour of MEX metal parts is a very important aspect of the MEX metal production process, as the parts must be accurately oversized to compensate for shrinkage. This paper aims to investigate the influence of primary 3D printing parameters, namely, print speed, layer height and print angle, on the shrinkage behaviour of MEX Steel 316L parts. Design/methodology/approach Two groups of dog-bone and rectangular-shape specimens were produced with the BASF Ultrafuse Steel 316L metal filament. The length, width and thickness of the specimens were measured pre- and post-debinding and sintering to calculate the percentile shrinkage rates. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate and rank the significance of each manufacturing parameter on shrinkage. Typical main print quality issues experienced in this analysis are also reported. Findings The shrinkage rates of the tested specimens ranged from 15.5 to 20.4% along the length and width axis and 18.5% to 23.1% along the thickness axis of the specimens. Layer height and raster angle were the most statistically significant parameters influencing shrinkage, while print speed had very little influence. Three types of defects were observed, including surface roughness, surface deformation (warping and distortion) and balling defects. Originality/value This paper bridges an existing gap in MEX Steel 316L literature, with a focus on the relationship between MEX manufacturing parameters and subsequent shrinkage behaviour. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the relationship between manufacturing parameters – layer height, raster angle and print speed and subsequent shrinkage behaviour, thereby providing further information on the relationship between the former and the latter.

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The Current Technological Landscape in Material Extrusion, Debinding and Sintering of Metal Parts

Lavecchia,

Pellegrini,

Guerra

et al. 2024

Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering

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Flexural characteristics of material extrusion steel 316L: Influence of manufacturing parameters

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Microscopic and mesoscopic/macroscopic structural characteristics of material extrusion Steel 316L: influence of the fabrication process

Microscopic and mesoscopic/macroscopic structural characteristics of material extrusion Steel 316L: influence of the fabrication process

Shrinkage behaviour of material extrusion steel 316L: influence of primary 3D printing parameters

The Current Technological Landscape in Material Extrusion, Debinding and Sintering of Metal Parts

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