Flexible transparent electrodes for organic light-emitting diodes

Han, Tae‐Hee; Jeong, Seong Mok; Lee, Yeongjun; Seo, H.S.; Kwon, Sung-Joo; Park, Min‐Ho; Lee, Tae‐Woo

doi:10.1080/15980316.2015.1016127

Cited by 42 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Optoelectronic devices, including OLEDs, OPVs, and liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), require thin films of conducting materials for use as transparent electrodes to emit or absorb light at least from one side. These materials should have higher than 80% optical transmittance in the visible-light region for efficient light emission or absorption, as well as electrical conductivities greater than or equal to 10 3 S cm −1 to provide the necessary charge carrier conduction for low operational voltages [26,28,31,33,38,[78][79][80]. A conventional electrode material that combines the above-mentioned two essential parameters is the widely applied ITO with higher than 90% transmittance and conductivity values reaching 10 5 S cm −1 [33,66].…”

Section: Pedot:pss-based Polymer Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, each one of these materials has merits for replacing ITO, they all have drawbacks incompatible with practical application. In addition to the main issues, such as the critical surface roughness of the electrodes that lead to high leakage currents, thereby limiting the device performance [17,78,79], and undesirable electrical parameters like a low W f and a high R sh , which increase the power consumption and crack down on the benefits of the material [78,79], the synthesis and processing of CNTs, graphene, and Ag NWs are not as cheap and easy as, for instance, those of conductive polymers [13].…”

Section: Pedot:pss-based Polymer Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the refractive index of ITO electrodes is higher than that of any other layer of an OLED, including the glass substrate [33]. It is around 1.8-2.2, depending on the ITO fabrication and treatment methods [37,78,82,88], while the refractive indices of the organic layers and the glass substrates of OLEDs are usually around 1.7-1.9 and 1.5, respectively [82,89]. This refractive index mismatch between ITO and the overlying organic layers as well as the underlying glass substrate leads to the total internal reflection (TIR) of light.…”

Section: Pedot:pss-based Thin-film Electrodes For Oledsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rising advancements in the application of PEDOT:PSS as a prosperous transparent and flexible electrode material for solution-processed organic electronics

Huseynova

Kim

Lee

et al. 2019

Journal of Information Display

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An organic conductive polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS), is an attractive candidate for a low-cost, low-temperature, and solution-processed electrode material for achieving high-performance flexible and stretchable thin-film devices. Unlike most organic materials, this water-soluble conjugated polymer is highly stable against chemical and physical exposure. It exhibits the most superior mechanical flexibility and the highest optical transparency and electrical conductivity among all organic conductors. Therefore, this conductive polymer is among the most promising alternatives to the expensive, rigid, and brittle metal oxide-and even metal-based electrode materials, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and gold, in the future solutionprocessed electronic devices. Nevertheless, the intrinsic conductivity of PEDOT:PSS is typically below 1 S cm −1 , which is too low for such devices. Fortunately, the material properties of PEDOT:PSS, including its conductivity, are easily tuned by employing a large number of simple approaches. In this paper, the reports on the successful application of PEDOT:PSS to a wide range of solution-processed organic devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), and organic photovoltaics (OPVs), are reviewed. The recent progress in the development of highly conductive PEDOT:PSS-based films for electrode applications in the field of organic electronics is the main focus of the discussion herein.

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Section: Pedot:pss-based Polymer Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pedot:pss-based Polymer Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pedot:pss-based Thin-film Electrodes For Oledsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rising advancements in the application of PEDOT:PSS as a prosperous transparent and flexible electrode material for solution-processed organic electronics

Huseynova

Kim

Lee

et al. 2019

Journal of Information Display

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“…However, they are brittle and made from materials that are in short supply [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Moreover, they are known to cause device degradation due to a diffusion of metal atoms from ITO [ 5 ]. These critical drawbacks thus restrict their applicability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Engineering of Metal-Mesh Structure Applicable for Transparent Electrodes Fabricated by Self-Formable Cracked Template

et al. 2017

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Flexible and transparent conducting electrodes are essential for future electronic devices. In this study, we successfully fabricated a highly-interconnected metal-mesh structure (MMS) using a self-formable cracked template. The template—fabricated from colloidal silica—can be easily formed and removed, presenting a simple and cost-effective way to construct a randomly and uniformly networked MMS. The structure of the MMS can be controlled by varying the spin-coating speed during the coating of the template solution or by stacking of metal-mesh layers. Through these techniques, the optical transparency and sheet resistance of the MMS can be designed for a specific purpose. A double-layered Al MMS showed high optical transparency (~80%) in the visible region, low sheet resistance (~20 Ω/sq), and good flexibility under bending test compared with a single-layered MMS, because of its highly-interconnected wire structure. Additionally, we identified the applicability of the MMS in the case of practical devices by applying it to electrodes of thin-film transistors (TFTs). The TFTs with MMS electrodes showed comparable electrical characteristics to those with conventional film-type electrodes. The cracked template can be used for the fabrication of a mesh structure consisting of any material, so it can be used for not only transparent electrodes, but also various applications such as solar cells, sensors, etc.

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“…6,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] There has been significant progress in the use of flexible OLEDs with graphene electrodes because of the existence of methods to modify the high sheet resistance (4300 Ω per square) and low work function (WF) (~4.4 eV) of pristine graphene. 6,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]32,33 However, in recently reported OLEDs with graphene anodes, further improvements are needed in areas such as the electroluminescent efficiency, the efficiency roll-off at a high luminance and the experimental verification of device flexibility to achieve ideal flexible OLEDs. To enable further advances towards the ultimate goal of flexible OLEDs for practical use, several requirements must be met at the same time: (i) ultra-high efficiency over that of state-of-the-art OLEDs that use a rigid electrode and substrate, (ii) very low reduction in device efficiency at high luminance (i.e., efficiency roll-off) and (iii) excellent flexibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaching ultimate flexible organic light-emitting diodes using a graphene anode

et al. 2016

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Ultimate flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) should have an ultra-high device efficiency, a low-efficiency roll-off at a high luminance and excellent flexibility. Here, we realized flexible tandem OLEDs using a graphene anode with a very high electroluminescent efficiency of~205.9 cd A − 1 , 45.2% (~396.4 cd A − 1 , 87.3% with a hemispherical lens) and a very low efficiency roll-off at a high luminance of~6.6% at 10 000 cd m − 2 (~3.8% with a hemispherical lens) by stacking two organic electroluminescence (EL) units. For the first time, we used an easily controlled and low-temperature processable charge generation layer with lithium nitride (Li 3 N). This simultaneously provided efficient stacking of EL units and enhanced compatibility of the flexible device on a thin plastic substrate. The flexible tandem OLEDs with a graphene anode also showed great flexibility against bending up to a bending strain of 6.7%. These results represent a significant advancement towards the production of next-generation flexible displays and solid-state lighting that use a graphene anode.

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Flexible transparent electrodes for organic light-emitting diodes

Cited by 42 publications

References 86 publications

Rising advancements in the application of PEDOT:PSS as a prosperous transparent and flexible electrode material for solution-processed organic electronics

Rising advancements in the application of PEDOT:PSS as a prosperous transparent and flexible electrode material for solution-processed organic electronics

Structural Engineering of Metal-Mesh Structure Applicable for Transparent Electrodes Fabricated by Self-Formable Cracked Template

Approaching ultimate flexible organic light-emitting diodes using a graphene anode

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