Flexible, transparent, and antibacterial ionogels toward highly sensitive strain and temperature sensors

Soft ionic materials combine charged mobile species and tailored polymer structures in a manner that enables a wide array of functional devices. Traditional metal and silicon electronics are limited to two charge carriers: electrons and holes. Ionic devices hold the promise of using the wide range of chemical and molecular properties of mobile ions and polymer functional groups to enable flexible conductors, chemically specific sensors, bio-compatible interfaces, and deformable digital or analog signal processors. Stand alone ionic devices would need to have five key capabilities: signal transmission, energy conversion/harvesting, sensing, actuation, and signal processing. With the great promise of ionically-conducting materials and ionic devices, there are several fields working independently on pieces of the puzzle. These fields range from waste-water treatment research to soft robotics and bio-interface research. In this review, we first present the underlying physical principles that govern the behavior of soft ionic materials and devices. We then discuss the progress that has been made on each of the potential device components, bringing together findings from a range of research fields, and conclude with discussion of opportunities for future research.

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“…Finally, ionic mobility changes can be used for resistive sensors [63,139,140]. For example, Jin et.…”

Section: Resistive Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Ionics: Governing Physics and State of Technologies

Tepermeister

Bosnjak²,

Dai³

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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“…It is not difficult to see that multifunction is a major trend of flexible electronic devices. Meanwhile, personal healthcare and thermal comfort of the human body are increasingly important for wearable electronics as the basic requirements in actual daily life. − To facilitate the rapid development of this emerging field, it is critical to develop wearable electronics that can monitor human health conditions and regulate the thermal comfort of the human body to ensure that they perform like “second human skins” with self-sensing and self-regulation abilities. However, it is still a great challenge to realize wearable electronics simultaneously with personal healthcare and human thermal comfort management functions because of their different and independent working mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Textile Based on 3D Stretchable Silver Nanowires/MXene Conductive Networks for Personal Healthcare and Thermal Management

Liu

Miao

Fan

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Wearable electronics have enriched daily lives by providing smart functions as well as monitoring body health conditions. However, the realization of wearable electronics with personal healthcare and thermal comfort management of the human body is still a great challenge. Furthermore, manufacturing such on-skin wearable electronics on traditional thin-film substrates results in limited gas permeability and inflammation. Herein, we proposed a personal healthcare and thermal management smart textile with a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected conductive network, formed by silver nanowires (AgNWs) bridging lamellar structured transition-metal carbide/carbonitride (MXene) nanosheets deposited on nonwoven fabrics. Benefiting from the interconnected conductive network synergistic effect of onedimensional (1D) AgNWs bridging two-dimensional (2D) MXene, the strain sensor exhibits excellent durability (>1500 stretching cycles) and high sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) = 1085) with a wide strain range limit (∼100%), and the details of human body activities can be accurately recognized and monitored. Moreover, thanks to the excellent Joule heating and photothermal effect endowed by AgNWs and MXene, the multifunctional smart textile with direct temperature visualization and solar-powered temperature regulation functions was successfully developed, after further combination of thermochromic and phase-change functional layers, respectively. The smart textiles with a stretchable AgNW-MXene 3D conductive network hold great promise for next-generation personal healthcare and thermal management wearable systems.

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“…The hydrogel, with a unique three-dimensional (3D) hydrophilic polymer network, performs high stretchability, exceptional biocompatibility, and degradability, exert broad application prospects in the fields of biological wound dressings, drug delivery, sensors, actuators, and flexible energy storage devices [ 22 – 27 ]. Ionic liquids are a group of organic salts comprised of organic cations and organic or inorganic anions [ 28 , 29 ]. They are chemical and thermally stable, biocompatible, and antibacterial and can maintain fluidity at or near room temperature [ 30 – 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By composing the ionic liquids into hydrogels (ionic gel), the low saturated vapor pressure and high ionic conductivity of ionic liquids would endow the hydrogel with a highly sensitive perception at a wide temperature range [ 30 , 33 , 34 ]. Moreover, since the numbers of the migratable ions and the ion migration rate vary with the temperature, the ionic gel displays a distinct thermal-sensitive feature, being feasible for multimodal signal sensation [ 29 , 30 , 33 ]. In a typical strategy, the ion gel is fabricated through a solvent exchange method by soaking the hydrogel into ionic liquids [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poly(ionic liquid) hydrogel is a sort of ion-conductive polymer network copolymerized from ionic liquids and various organic monomers. It inherits the high ionic conductivity, chemical stability, and biocompatibility of ionic liquids and reveals high fluid retention ability to avoid ionic liquid leakage [ 29 , 32 , 35 ]. Moreover, incorporating specific-functionalized monomers in poly(ionic liquid) has also been a promising candidate for high-performance multimodal ion gel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermoresponsive Lignin-Reinforced Poly(Ionic Liquid) Hydrogel Wireless Strain Sensor

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2021

Research

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To meet critical requirements on flexible electronic devices, multifunctionalized flexible sensors with excellent electromechanical performance and temperature perception are required. Herein, lignin-reinforced thermoresponsive poly(ionic liquid) hydrogel is prepared through an ultrasound-assisted synthesized method. Benefitting from the electrostatic interaction between lignin and ionic liquid, the hydrogel displays high stretchability (over 1425%), excellent toughness (over 132 kPa), and impressive stress loading-unloading cyclic stability. The hydrogel strain sensor presents excellent electromechanical performance with a high gauge factor (1.37) and rapid response rate (198 ms), which lays the foundation for human body movement detection and smart input. Moreover, owing to the thermal-sensitive feature of poly(ionic liquid), the as-prepared hydrogel displays remarkable thermal response sensitivity (0.217°C-1) in body temperature range and low limit of detection, which can be applied as a body shell temperature indicator. Particularly, the hydrogel can detect dual stimuli of strain and temperature and identify each signal individually, showing the specific application in human-machine interaction and artificial intelligence. By integrating the hydrogel strain sensor into a wireless sensation system, remote motion capture and gesture identification is realized in real-time.

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Flexible, transparent, and antibacterial ionogels toward highly sensitive strain and temperature sensors

Cited by 147 publications

References 56 publications

Soft Ionics: Governing Physics and State of Technologies

Soft Ionics: Governing Physics and State of Technologies

Smart Textile Based on 3D Stretchable Silver Nanowires/MXene Conductive Networks for Personal Healthcare and Thermal Management

Thermoresponsive Lignin-Reinforced Poly(Ionic Liquid) Hydrogel Wireless Strain Sensor

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