Flexible terahertz wire grid polarizer with high extinction ratio and low loss

Ferraro, Antonio; Zografopoulos, Dimitrios C.; Missori, Mauro; Peccianti, Marco; Caputo, Roberto; Beccherelli, Romeo

doi:10.1364/ol.41.002009

Cited by 70 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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Section: Dielectric Materials As Spacers and Substrates At Terahertz mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dielectric materials of desired relative permittivity values have been employed as spacers in single and multilayer devices . These devices have either been demonstrated as freestanding devices or devices supported on a ground plane . With a suitable dielectric material and shape of the resonating element, a wide range of applications can be demonstrated based on the manipulation of polarization, phase, and amplitude of an incident electric field.…”

Section: Dielectric Materials As Spacers and Substrates At Terahertz mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These devices have either been demonstrated as freestanding devices or devices supported on a ground plane . With a suitable dielectric material and shape of the resonating element, a wide range of applications can be demonstrated based on the manipulation of polarization, phase, and amplitude of an incident electric field. Device demonstration examples include band‐pass transmission; broad‐ and narrow‐band absorbers for detection applications; low‐loss polarizers; low‐loss and high‐gain beamforming; or devices demonstrating dynamic properties such as modulators and switches …”

Section: Dielectric Materials As Spacers and Substrates At Terahertz mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These devices when bent to match conformal surfaces can reasonably retain their electromagnetic properties. Examples of most commonly used flexible polymer dielectric materials, as substrates or spacers, include polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyimide (commercially supplied as Kapton), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), parylene‐C, cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), etc. The properties specific to each polymeric material and its challenges in fabrication are discussed and addressed.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Single and Multilayer Terahertz Metasurface Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dielectrics for Terahertz Metasurfaces: Material Selection and Fabrication Techniques

Ako

Upadhyay

Withayachumnankul

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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on distinctive spectral signatures resulting from vibrational modes of covalent and hydrogen bonds. [8,[13][14][15][16] The focus on this spectrally rich region is attributed to the highly coherent and nonionizing nature of terahertz radiation, wide unallocated frequency bands, distinctive wavelengths, and their penetration through a significant depth of dielectric materials. Terahertz technology is geared toward realizing devices that can efficiently manipulate the phase, amplitude, and polarization of terahertz radiations for the above-mentioned myriad of applications.However, progress in this domain is held back by low terahertz power available from compact sources, high free-space path loss, and limited choice of materials that exhibit less absorption of terahertz waves. [17] Owing to the fact that natural materials demonstrate weak wave-matter interaction at terahertz frequencies, terahertz devices with engineered subwavelength resonant metallic inclusions on dielectric spacers have been realized, to interact strongly with an incident electromagnetic wave.In the past, metamaterials have been a promising route to building terahertz devices. These devices have in essence been engineered as 3D resonating elements that effectively manipulate both permittivity and permeability of an effective medium to couple to free space. The underlining disadvantage of these structures is the difficulty involved in the fabrication of 3D geometrical structures using standard semiconductor fabrication techniques. Standard fabrication techniques are generally amenable to 2D design with extrusion of these structures into thickness (the third, vertical dimension). Moreover, the choice and availability of dielectric materials and metals that provide sufficient interaction while retaining device efficiency has proved challenging. [13,[18][19][20] Recently, effective manipulation of electromagnetic wave has been widely demonstrated with 2D metasurfaces, which were originally employed as building blocks for 3D metamaterials. In these lower-dimension designs, effective manipulation of terahertz waves for various applications is achieved by carefully designing sub-wavelength resonant structures as is evident in published review articles. [21,22] Metasurfaces present high degree of compactness that enhances radiation efficiency. Additionally, the planar form factor of metasurfaces enables Manipulation of terahertz radiation opens new opportunities that underpin application areas in communication, security, material sensing, and characterization. Metasurfaces employed for terahertz manipulation of phase, amplitude, or polarization of terahertz waves have limitations in radiation efficiency which is attributed to losses in the materials constituting the devices. Metallic resonators-based terahertz devices suffer from high ohmic losses, while dielectric substrates and spacers with high relative permittivity and loss tangent also reduce bandwidth and efficiency. To overcome these issues, a proper choice of low loss and low relative permittivi...

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Section: Dielectric Materials As Spacers and Substrates At Terahertz mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dielectric Materials As Spacers and Substrates At Terahertz mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dielectric Materials As Spacers and Substrates At Terahertz mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fabrication Of Single and Multilayer Terahertz Metasurface Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dielectrics for Terahertz Metasurfaces: Material Selection and Fabrication Techniques

Ako

Upadhyay

Withayachumnankul

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…In addition to being highly flexible, the zeonor substrate offers negligible transmission loss. Owing to these qualities zeonor has been recently used for realizing various THz optical devices262728. The low refractive index of 1.54 and ultrathin thickness of 23 μm also prevent any Fabry-Perrot contamination of the response, which is prevalent in other THz substrates.…”

Section: Design and Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrathin Terahertz Quarter-wave plate based on Split Ring Resonator and Wire Grating hybrid Metasurface

Nouman

Hwang

Jang

2016

Sci Rep

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Planar metasurface based quarter-wave plates offer various advantages over conventional waveplates in terms of compactness, flexibility and simple fabrication; however they offer very narrow bandwidth of operation. Here, we demonstrate a planar terahertz (THz) metasurface capable of linear to circular polarization conversion and vice versa in a wide frequency range. The proposed metasurface is based on horizontally connected split ring resonators and is realized on an ultrathin (0.05λ) zeonor substrate. The fabricated quarter waveplate realizes linear to circular polarization conversion in two broad frequency bands comprising 0.64–0.82 THz and 0.96–1.3 THz with an insertion loss ranging from −3.9 to −10 dB. By virtue of ultrathin sub wavelength thickness, the proposed waveplate design is well suited for application in near field THz optical systems. Additionally, the proposed metasurface design offers novel transmission phase characteristics that present further opportunities to realize dynamic polarization control of incident waves.

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Ultrathin Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia as a Flexible and Stable Substrate for Infrared Nano‐Optics

Gopalan

Rodrigo

Paulillo

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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by many emerging applications such as curved or bendable IR sensors. [3] When mechanical flexibility is required, polymers, such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, are used in the visible region, but cannot be extended to the IR as they have several vibrational absorption fingerprints. There exist polymers, including parylene C, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, that are more transparent in the IR and have been studied in literature. [4] However, ultraviolet lithography is not always easy on such materials due to their sensitivity to chemicals. In addition, high-resolution electron beam lithography on these polymeric substrates is restricted by their limited thermal and radiation tolerance and nonplanar nature. Alternative methods like nano-stencil lithography and self assembly techniques could be employed to fabricate sub-micrometer features on these polymer substrates. [4] Besides the difficulty of finding an appropriate lithography method for patterning, the transmission spectra of these IR polymer substrates show still many vibrational fingerprints between 2 and 10 µm, which prevent their use both in most of the the near-IR (1-5 µm) and mid-IR (5-25 µm) regions.Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is a ceramic that has received a lot of attention due to its exceptional properties such as high hardness, high dielectric constant, chemical inertness, and high ionic conductivity at elevated temperatures. [5] In the powder form it is used to make coatings that are chemically inert and tolerant to mechanical wear and tear; for example, in cutting tools, chemical tank linings, and dental restorations. [6,7] It is also used as an electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells. [8] Lately, there is a growing interest in using thin films and microspheres of YSZ for various photonic applications. [9][10][11][12][13] ENrG Inc. has commercialized 20 and 40 µm thick flexible substrates of 3 mol% yttria (Y 2 O 3 )-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (3YSZ) ceramic, which has also shown remarkable transparency in the near-IR and mid-IR while being translucent in the visible. [14,15] In this article, we propose and demonstrate for the first time that 3YSZ can be an ideal platform to implement next generation flexible IR nano-optic devices, such as plasmonic sensors and polarizers. We also show that it can be combined with graphene to make flexible transparent electrodes for the IR that can be used for cell culture spectroscopy and IR transparent shielding. [16,17] Infrared (IR) technologies have become increasingly relevant as they offer a wide range of applications, from thermal imaging to chemical and biological vibrational spectroscopy. Substrate materials, such as calcium fluoride and zinc selenide, are commonly used for IR optics. Unfortunately, they are typically fragile or hygroscopic, thus potentially producing problems during device fabrication and in the long-term functional operation. Here, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramic is introduced as a flexible and stable platform for IR nano-optics. In particul...

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Flexible terahertz wire grid polarizer with high extinction ratio and low loss

Cited by 70 publications

References 25 publications

Dielectrics for Terahertz Metasurfaces: Material Selection and Fabrication Techniques

Dielectrics for Terahertz Metasurfaces: Material Selection and Fabrication Techniques

Ultrathin Terahertz Quarter-wave plate based on Split Ring Resonator and Wire Grating hybrid Metasurface

Ultrathin Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia as a Flexible and Stable Substrate for Infrared Nano‐Optics

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