Flexible, Stretchable Sensors for Wearable Health Monitoring: Sensing Mechanisms, Materials, Fabrication Strategies and Features

Liu, Yan; Wang, Hai; Zhao, Wei; Zhang, Min; H, Qin; Xie, Yuee

doi:10.3390/s18020645

Cited by 288 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 213 publications

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“…Polymers that respond to (excessive) deformation by changing their optical appearance, such as their reflectance, absorbance, or fluorescence are useful to investigate failure modes and degradation processes, as tamper‐proof packaging materials, stress‐sensors for structural health monitoring, and for other applications . Typical strategies to translate mechanical stimulation into an optical signal include the deformation of photonic structures, the damage‐induced release of reagents or dyes from capsules, the use of mechanophores that undergo optical changes upon bond cleavage, and the spatial separation of mechanically interlocked fluorophore and quencher moieties …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanoresponsive, Luminescent Polymer Blends Based on an Excimer‐Forming Telechelic Macromolecule

Calvino

Sagara

Buclin

et al. 2018

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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A well‐known approach toward mechanochromic polymers relies on the incorporation of excimer‐forming fluorophores into a matrix polymer and the disruption of aggregated chromophores when such materials undergo macroscopic mechanical deformation. However, the required aggregates and stress‐transfer processes have so far only been realized with select dye/polymer combinations. As demonstrated here, the utility of this approach can be extended by tethering an excimer‐forming cyano‐substituted oligo(p‐phenylene vinylene) fluorophore to the two ends of a telechelic poly(ethylene‐co‐butylene) and blending small amounts (0.1–2 wt%) of the resulting aggregachromic macromolecule into polymer matrices such as poly(ε‐caprolactone), poly(isoprene), or poly(styrene‐b‐butadiene‐b‐styrene). All blends display mechanofluorochromic responses, and the ratio between the monomer and excimer emission intensities can be used to correlate the luminescence signal to the extent of deformation and to follow subsequent relaxation processes. The developed approach significantly expands the scope of blend‐based mechanoresponsive luminescent materials.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanoresponsive, Luminescent Polymer Blends Based on an Excimer‐Forming Telechelic Macromolecule

Calvino

Sagara

Buclin

et al. 2018

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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show abstract

“…The changes in the shape of the sensor are converted into electrical signals. Mechanical sensors are divided into four groups: (1) piezoelectric, (2) piezoresistive, (3) capacitive and (4) iontronic [19].…”

Section: Mechanical Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Roles of each aspect and the interaction between them help doctors to identify disorders. These indicators are grouped into (1) body motions, (2) vital signs and (3) metabolism parameters [19].…”

Section: Wearable Sensors In Healthcarementioning

confidence: 99%

Body Area Networks in Healthcare: A Brief State of the Art

et al. 2019

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A body area network (BAN) comprises a set of devices that sense their surroundings, activate and communicate with each other when an event is detected in its environment. Although BAN technology was developed more than 20 years ago, in recent years, its popularity has greatly increased. The reason is the availability of smaller and more powerful devices, more efficient communication protocols and improved duration of portable batteries. BANs are applied in many fields, healthcare being one of the most important through gathering information about patients and their surroundings. A continuous stream of information may help physicians with making well-informed decisions about a patient's treatment. Based on recent literature, the authors review BAN architectures, network topologies, energy sources, sensor types, applications, as well as their main challenges. In addition, the paper focuses on the principal requirements of safety, security, and sustainability. In addition, future research and improvements are discussed.

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“…Moreover, capacitive sensors for tactile sensing of E-skin have demonstrated high strain sensitivity, compatibility with static force measurement [32]. E-skin with excellent flexibility and stretchability was designed for personal conditions monitoring with continuously tracking physiological signals, such as, heart rate, breath and skin temperature, which was associated with body motion and driver's status [33,34]. Flexible microneedle patches contacted with the complex topography of skin surface conformally are fabricated for human health and well-being measuring directly on the human body [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Bimodal Sensor Array Based on Conductive Hydrogel for Driving Status Monitoring

Dong

Yao

Yang

2020

Sensors

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Driving status monitoring is important to safety driving which could be adopted to improve driving behaviors through hand gesture detection by wearable electronics. The soft bimodal sensor array (SBSA) composed of strain sensor array based on ionic conductive hydrogels and capacitive pressure sensor array based on ionic hydrogel electrodes is designed to monitor drivers’ hand gesture. SBSA is fabricated and assembled by the stretchable functional and structural materials through a sol–gel process for guaranteeing the overall softness of SBSA. The piezoresistive strain and capacitive pressure sensing abilities of SBSA are evaluated by the data acquisition system and signal analyzer with the external physical stimuli. The gauge factor (GF) of the strain sensor is 1.638 under stretched format, and –0.726 under compressed format; sensitivity of the pressure sensor is 0.267 kPa−1 below 3.45 and 0.0757 kPa−1 in the range of 3.45–12 kPa, which are sensitive enough to hand gesture detection and driving status monitoring. The simple recognition method for the driver’s status behavior is proposed to identify the driver’s behaviors with the piezoresistive properties of conductive polymers, and the turning angles are computed by the strain and pressure values from SBSA. This work demonstrates an effective approach to integrate SBSA seamlessly into an existing driving environment for driving status monitoring, expanding the applications of SBSA in wearable electronics.

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Flexible, Stretchable Sensors for Wearable Health Monitoring: Sensing Mechanisms, Materials, Fabrication Strategies and Features

Cited by 288 publications

References 213 publications

Mechanoresponsive, Luminescent Polymer Blends Based on an Excimer‐Forming Telechelic Macromolecule

Mechanoresponsive, Luminescent Polymer Blends Based on an Excimer‐Forming Telechelic Macromolecule

Body Area Networks in Healthcare: A Brief State of the Art

Soft Bimodal Sensor Array Based on Conductive Hydrogel for Driving Status Monitoring

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