Flexible Skin Patch Enabled Tumor Hybrid Thermophysical Therapy and Adaptive Antitumor Immune Response

Abstract

Innovations on materials and technologies have greatly promoted the rapid development of wearable electronics from disease diagnosis to therapeutics. For superficial skin tumors, skin‐attachable patches possess the advantages of minimally invasive property, alleviative side effects, and high efficiency. The development of noninvasive techniques and devices is still in urgent demands. Here, a flexible skin patch fabricated through a facile preparation method is reported for noninvasive hybrid thermophysical therapy and adaptative immune function enhancement. The liquid metal enabled skin patch is demonstrated with high conductivity, certain stability, biocompatibility, and an enhanced adhesive merit on skin surfaces for cryoablation therapy and magnetic hyperthermia therapy. The skin patch exhibits remarkably conformable heating and cooling performance toward the treatment of 4T1 breast tumors. The magnetic resonance images also indicate the significant tumor ablation effect. Interestingly, a relatively stable proportion of both CD8+ T and CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood is identified after tumor therapy in comparison with the decreased trend in the untreated group, representing an efficient antitumor immune response induced by the skin patch. The developed skin patch would provide a promising noninvasive approach for tumor therapies by direct tumor destruction and maintenance of the antitumor immune response.

Liquid Metal-Enabled Epidermal Interfaces

“…Sun et al fabricated highly adhesive liquid metal patches to suppress breast 4T1 tumor growth (see Figure 3c). 50 The treatment group had relatively stable CD8+ T and CD4+ T cells, while the control group exhibited a decreasing trend of cell populations. These experimental observations suggest that the LM patch induces notable antitumor-immune responses.…”

“…(c) Representative IR camera images of the skin patch on tumors for cryoablation. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2023 John Wiley and Sons.…”

“…Particularly worth mentioning is the distinguished effect of combined cooling and heating actions on tumor suppression through the biointerface. Sun et al fabricated highly adhesive liquid metal patches to suppress breast 4T1 tumor growth (see Figure c) . The treatment group had relatively stable CD8+ T and CD4+ T cells, while the control group exhibited a decreasing trend of cell populations.…”

Liquid metal biomaterials: translational medicines, challenges and perspectives

“…Copyright 2021 Elsevier. (i) Flexible skin patch enabled tumor hybrid thermophysical therapy [ 86 ]. Copyright 2022 John Wiley & Sons.…”

Chitosan-TEMPO-Oxidized Nanocellulose Magnetic Responsive Patches with Hyperthermia Potential for Smart Melanoma Therapy

“…Polymeric nanosystems, hydrogels, metallic and hybrid nanoparticles, liposomes, etc. have demonstrated potential as effective drug carriers in combination with methods such as photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, hyperthermia, and immunotherapy that have yielded encouraging outcomes in melanoma treatment. − Recently, remarkable progress has been made in the field of flexible patches, for e.g., polydopamine/hemicellulose flexible hydrogels . These patches are designed to adhere to the skin, providing localized and sustained drug delivery.…”