Flexible Sensors Based on Conductive Polymers

Abstract

Conductive polymers have attracted wide attention since their discovery due to their unique properties such as good electrical conductivity, thermal and chemical stability, and low cost. With different possibilities of preparation and deposition on surfaces, they present unique and tunable structures. Because of the ease of incorporating different elements to form composite materials, conductive polymers have been widely used in a plethora of applications. Their inherent mechanical tolerance limit makes them ideal for flexible devices, such as electrodes for batteries, artificial muscles, organic electronics, and sensors. As the demand for the next generation of (wearable) personal and flexible sensing devices is increasing, this review aims to discuss and summarize the recent manufacturing advances made on flexible electrochemical sensors

Use of Cysteamine and Glutaraldehyde Chemicals for Robust Functionalization of Substrates with Protein Biomarkers—An Overview on the Construction of Biosensors with Different Transductions

“…Moreover, corroboration with conventional invasive (liquid and tissue biopsy [ 77 ]) and non-invasive (e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent and immunology-based assays [ 78 ] and electrophoretic separation [ 79 ]) diagnostic methods with a smartphone-based mobile detection platform are urgently needed for rapid screening between false positive/negative data and to help physicians make an accurate diagnosis of patients before drug treatment and surgical investigations [ 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ]. Thus, there is no doubt that low-cost portable cassette sets with pre-treated (e.g., improved Cys/GA chemistry coupled to milder reducing agents and blocking buffers [ 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 ]) stable supports based on paper [ 89 , 90 , 91 ], regular/ultrafine glass [ 92 , 93 , 94 ], or flexible fiber polymers [ 95 , 96 ] embedded with metallic nanoparticles will continue to attract great interest in the academic and medical [ 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 ] research communities.…”

Conducting Polymers for the Design of Tactile Sensors

“…There are two main strategies for designing a tactile polymer-based sensor with sufficient charge transfer. Typically, a conductive material, such as metal, is incorporated into the polymeric composite [ 4 ]. The second strategy is to use conductive polymers: (i) as a conductive material, and (ii) as a filler rather than as a conductive polymeric composite.…”

“…Electrically conducting polymers are well-known for their unique properties, and as being an excellent choice for their application in the formation of a sensitive element of various sensors [ 3 ]. It has been demonstrated that conducting polymers can be applied in the formation of the piezoresistive layers in tactile sensors [ 4 , 5 ]. Therefore, the synthesis of electrically conducting polymer (CP)-based hetero-structures suitable for various sensing applications is an important research area of material engineering [ 6 ].…”

“…Commonly, conductive polymer nanomaterials, which are used in piezoresistive sensors, consisting of polypyrrole (Ppy) [ 5 ], polyaniline (PANI), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) [ 4 ]. Therefore, the role of conductive polymers in the formation of tactile sensors is emphasized in this work.…”

Implementing the donor–acceptor approach in electronically conducting copolymersviaelectropolymerization

“…There are excellent reviews on chiral ECPs 33 and readers are directed to them since the elaborative discussion of chiral ECPs is beyond the scope of this review (Scheme 2). [34][35][36][37][38][39][40]…”