Flexible Porous Carbon Black-Polymer Composites with a High Gauge Factor

Raso

Textile Research Journal

et al. 2022

The aim of this work was to develop and characterize polyurethane-based shape memory polymer filament yarns of a suitable diameter and thermo-mechanical performance for use in tailored multi-sectorial applications. Different polymer compositions – pure shape memory polyurethane and shape memory polyurethane composites with 0.3 and 0.5 wt.% of multi-walled carbon nanotubes or carbon black as additives – were studied. Filaments were obtained using a melt spinning process that allowed the production of the permanent and temporary shape of the shape memory polyurethane filament. Two drawing speeds (20 and 32 m/min) were studied. Characterization techniques such as the tensile test, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to investigate the shape-memory effect of the filaments. Pure and additive shape memory polyurethane filament yarns of a controlled diameter were produced. The results indicated that the pure shape memory polyurethane on the temporary shape had the highest tensile strength (234 MPa). Filaments with carbon black revealed a significant strain (335%) in the permanent shape with respect to the other filaments. The melt spinning process influenced the soft segment glass transition temperature (Tgs) significantly, with a decrease in the temporary shape (first heating) as compared to the permanent shape (second and third heating). However, only the 0.5% multi-walled carbon nanotubes additive clearly influenced the filament, increasing the Tgs by 10°C. The additives also influenced the shape-memory effect, obtaining an increased fixity ratio (up to 97%) with the multi-walled carbon nanotubes additive and an increased recovery ratio (up to 86%) with the carbon black additive.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Polyurethane shape memory filament yarns: Melt spinning, carbon-based reinforcement, and characterization

Raso

Textile Research Journal

et al. 2022

“…In order to evaluate the electromechanical performance of the fabricated CB/PVA film as a strain sensor, we used the four-point bending method to obtain the GF value [39][40][41][42]. Figure 4 shows the schematic diagram of the four-point bending system to estimate the resistance change of the CB/PVA composite film under different loads.…”

Section: Four-point Bending Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Carbon Black/Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Composite Thin Film Sensor Integrating Strain and Humidity Sensing Using the Droplet Deposition Method

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Crystals

Self Cite

Carbon black (CB) is a low-cost and excellent conductive material, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a non-conductive material with the advantages of easy processing and high mechanical stability. Here, we report a CB/PVA-based flexible conductive polymer film suitable for small strain detection and humidity detection. Thin film is formed by depositing the CB/PVA dispersion liquid droplets on a cleaned silicon/silicon dioxide (Si/SiO2) substrate. Theoretically, CB/PVA films can be transferred or formed on other substrates, such as polydimethylsiloxane, which have the advantage of flexibility. The droplet deposition method not only enhances the controllability of the film thickness and wastage of materials, but also improves the sensitivity of the prepared film. The electrical conductivity of the CB/PVA composite film and the relationship between the resistance change and strain were measured by the four-point bending method, which showed a good gauge factor of 30 when the strain rate was 0.007%. In addition, the sensor also showed excellent sensing performance and repeatability at humidity levels ranging from 10% to 70% RH. These results demonstrate that the CB/PVA thin film prepared in this work has the advantages of a simple fabrication process, low-cost, multifunctional properties, and high device sensitivity, providing further insights for detecting minor strain and humidity.

Polymer Engineering & Sci

“…The reinforcement of CB‐loaded crosslinked rubber is primarily attributed to the nanoscale particle size, high surface area, and high specific surface activity that foster robust interactions between the rubber and CB 51 . CB can be applied to many polymers such as polyvinyl chloride, 52 polycarbonate, 53 polyvinyl alcohol, 54 neoprene rubber, 55 and natural rubber (NR) 56 . In addition, the annual global output of CB is reportedly 15 million metric tons, and vehicle tires account for 73% of that production, while the remaining 20% is used in other rubber products 48 .…”

Section: Conventional Fillers In Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste material fly ash as an alternative filler for elastomers

Yangthong

Buaksuntear

Suethao

et al. 2023

Fly ash (FA), a by‐product of the power generation industry, can potentially be used as a filler in polymer products. Particularly, FA has been investigated as an alternative filler to partially or fully replace commercial fillers in polymer composites. This mini‐review discusses the fundamental properties of FA, environmental pollution from commercial fillers, and the performance of FA in polymers. The properties of FA‐loaded polymer composites are discussed, including the morphological, rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties. This review highlights the potential methods and challenges for substituting, or replacing, commercial fillers in various polymers such as natural rubber (NR), epoxidized NR, epoxy, styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR), NR/SBR blends, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyester.