Flexible nonfullerene organic solar cells based on embedded silver nanowires with an efficiency up to 11.6%

Dong, Xinyun; Shi, Pengfei; Sun, Lulu; Li, Jing; Qin, Fei; Xiong, Sixing; Liu, Tiefeng; Jiang, Xueshi; Zhou, Yinhua

doi:10.1039/c8ta11378e

Cited by 92 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…When the D/A ratio is 2:3 in the first coating, the device performance shows 11.40% PCE. Further decreasing the D/A ratio to 1:2 in the first coating improved the performance of device PCE with the maximum PCE of 12.29%, which is very close to that of the spin‐coated device …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Intensification of Vertical Phase Separation for Efficient Polymer Solar Cell via Piecewise Spray Assisted by a Solvent Driving Force

et al. 2020

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Piecewise spray has the advantage of controlling the component distribution, i.e., constructing vertical phase‐separated active layers, to improve the charge generation efficiency of large‐scale polymer solar cells. However, it brings a connection problem because of the drastic difference in the donor/acceptor ratio of continuous coatings using the conventional solvent. Assisted by 1,3,5‐trimethylbenzene‐based solvent engineering, a solvent driving force is formed, resulting in a continuous interface for piecewise spray‐coated active layers. The blend film forms a bicontinuous interpenetrating network in the active layer and provides efficient percolation pathways for charge carrier transport, resulting in a considerable improvement in the photovoltaic performance. When the donor/acceptor ratio is 1:2 in the first coating and 2:1 in the second coating, and the thickness of each coating is 90 nm, the performance of the PBDB‐T‐2Cl:IT4F photovoltaic device shows a notable conversion efficiency of 12.29% with a high short‐circuit current density of 21.55 mA cm−2. Importantly, this piecewise spray technique can be used for large‐scale module fabrication.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Intensification of Vertical Phase Separation for Efficient Polymer Solar Cell via Piecewise Spray Assisted by a Solvent Driving Force

et al. 2020

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“…[ 23 ] Although AgNWs demonstrate many outstanding properties, to date, considerable efforts have mostly been devoted to the incorporation as transparent bottom electrodes to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) for highly efficient OPVs with reflective top electrode. [ 24–29 ] It was found that postprocessing treatments, such as high‐temperature thermal annealing (200 °C for 10–30 min), mechanical pressing, and so on, are usually required to reduce the contact resistance between the nanowires and hence achieve a desired electrical conductivity. Obviously, these treatments limit AgNWs in applications where it is used as the top electrode, especially for the devices that contain heat‐sensitive semiconducting materials, where postprocessing temperature can critically and negatively impact a carefully created and optimized morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Bimodal Silver Nanowire Network as Top Electrodes for Reproducible and High‐Efficiency Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics

et al. 2020

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Semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST-OPVs) provide a potentially facile route for some applications in building integrated photovoltaics. One of the challenges in developing large-scale, printable ST-OPVs is to address the need for highperformance and fully solution-processed top electrodes, allowing the replacement of the evaporated thin metallic films (Ag, Au, and Al). Silver nanowire (AgNW) is considered a promising candidate for the substitution due to its excellent transparency, conductivity, and solution processability. Herein, a novel bimodal AgNW (AgNW-BM) electrode is reported, comprising AgNWs of two different aspect ratios. It is shown that the AgNW-BM film achieves lower sheet resistance and higher visible transmittance than each monodisperse AgNW film, respectively. Furthermore, ST-OPVs based on PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F with AgNW-BM top electrodes are fabricated, which can obtain a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.49% with an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 33%. The ST-devices also demonstrate an enhanced reproducibility and excellent color-rendering index of 90. In addition, the bimodal top electrode is successfully implemented in the PM6:Y6 system with a higher PCE of 9.79% and with an AVT of 23%, demonstrating the universality for various semiconductor systems. Our work provides a simple strategy to realize fully solution-processed, highly efficient ST-OPVs.

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“…[ 23,24 ] This factor has restricted the use of ITO as transparent electrodes in flexible solar cells. [ 25–29 ] Several ITO alternatives as FTEs have been studied over the years, including silver nanowires (Ag NWs), [ 30–32 ] conducting polymers, [ 33–41 ] carbon‐based materials (graphene and carbon nanotubes), [ 18,42–45 ] and many more. [ 46–48 ] Among them, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as transparent conducting polymers showed the most promising potential for cost‐effective flexible devices owing to its exceptional intrinsic flexibility, high transparency, easy film‐processability, and superior thermal stability.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Foldable Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells for Photovoltaic and Photosynthesis

Song

Fanady

Peng

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

128

102

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solution-processability, and lightweight property. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Recently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a single-junction device based on binary photoactive layer system had surpassed the 15-16% boundaries for opaque OSCs and 11-12% boundaries for semitransparent OSCs (ST-OSCs), all of which were fabricated on rigid glass substrates. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Though the PCE had increased remarkably on rigid glass substrates, development of OSCs on flexible substrates particularly for flexible ST-OSCs still lagged behind. [15][16][17][18] To date, the highest reported PCE for flexible ST-OSCs with average visible light transmittance (AVT) of over 20% was just over 10%. [19] Greater attentions should be focused on the development of flexible ST-OSCs due to its promising potentials as power-generating windows/roofs in building-integrated photovoltaics and photovoltaic vehicles. Additionally, one needs to consider the foldability properties of flexible ST-OSCs if advanced applications in 3D curved surfaces (e.g., future foldable roofs in multifunctional selfpowered greenhouse) are to be realized. This situation drove the current works for foldable-flexible ST-OSCs (hereafter referred to as FST-OSCs).Over the years, studies on ST-OSCs and/or FST-OSCs have centered around materials design of the photoactive layer (design of novel donor/acceptor). [6,20,21] Generally, photo active layer is designed to readily absorb solar irradiation in the nearinfrared (NIR) to infrared (IR) region while being partially transparent in the visible light region. These IR-absorbing photoactive layers are particularly favorable for agricultural applications (e.g., common greenhouse) as sunlight in the visible light region can be predominantly transmitted for plants growth. In fact, solar irradiation located in the visible light region (370-740 nm) is mostly responsible for photosynthesis processes in plants for growth. [22] Through this, ST-OSCs and/ or FST-OSCs for photovoltaic and photosynthesis can be realized, proving the future potential of semitransparent devices as windows/roofs in multifunctional self-powered greenhouse.FST-OSCs have several key parameters similar to its rigid counterparts, such as efficiency, transparency, color, and color rendering property. The main distinct feature of FST-OSCs is its mechanical stability against extreme mechanical Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) have attracted extensive attention for their potential greenhouse applications. Conventional ST-OSCs are typically based on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes which suffer from mechanical brittleness. Therefore, alternatives for ITO are required for realization of foldable-flexible ST-OSCs (FST-OSCs). Herein, flexible poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) electrodes are prepared as ITO alternatives via polyhydroxy compound (xylitol) microdoping and acid treatment. As a result, flexible opaque OSCs based on PBDB-T-2F:Y6 photoactive system yield a high efficiency of 14.20%. The desirable optic...

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Flexible nonfullerene organic solar cells based on embedded silver nanowires with an efficiency up to 11.6%

Abstract: Flexible non-fullerene organic solar cells based on AgNWs embedded in polyimide substrates demonstrate a high efficiency up to 11.6%.

Cited by 92 publications

References 59 publications

Intensification of Vertical Phase Separation for Efficient Polymer Solar Cell via Piecewise Spray Assisted by a Solvent Driving Force

Intensification of Vertical Phase Separation for Efficient Polymer Solar Cell via Piecewise Spray Assisted by a Solvent Driving Force

Novel Bimodal Silver Nanowire Network as Top Electrodes for Reproducible and High‐Efficiency Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics

Foldable Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells for Photovoltaic and Photosynthesis

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