Flexible electrochromic tape using steel foil with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>WO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> thin film

Rozman, Martin; Žener, Boštjan; Matoh, Lev; Godec, Regina Fuchs; Mourtzikou, Argyroula; Σταθάτος, Ηλίας; Bren, Urban; Lukšič, Miha

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135329

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…It have been used as electrochromic media [1], as gas sensors [2], as supercapacitors [3] and as non-volatile random access memory devices [4]. In a recent work, coating stainless steel tapes with WO3 and studying its optical and electrical properties have shown that the electrochromic properties and electrical conductivity of the films are significantly improved [1]. In addition, when Pt/WO3 is used as hydrogen gas sensors they displayed excellent hydrogen gas sensing response of 1.41 × 10 6 under a 1% H2/air gas [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amorphous WO3 thin films designed as gigahertz/terahertz dielectric lenses

Qasrawi

Alrub

Daragme

2021

Preprint

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Herein, tungsten oxide thin films comprising excess oxygen are treated as optical resonator suitable for gigahertz/terahertz applications. WO 3 thin films which are prepared by the thermal evaporation technique under a vacuum pressure of 10 -5 mbar are structurally, compositionally and optically evaluated. The amorphous WO 3.33 films which showed high transparency permit electronic transitions within an indirect allowed energy band gap of 3.05 eV. The band gap comprised energy band tails of width of 190 meV. Four dominant dielectric resonators centered in the infrared (IR), visible (VIS) and ultraviolet (UV) ranges of light are detected. Analysis of the optical conductivity in accordance with the Drude-Lorentz approaches have shown that the drift mobility of free holes in this amorphous layer can be as large as 5.61 cm 2 /Vs an as low as 1.59 cm 2 /Vs when exposed to IR and UV light signals, respectively. In addition, the gigahertz/terahertz cutoff frequency ( ) spectra demonstrated values in the gigahertz frequency domain when exposed to IR light. Excitations with light signals in the VIS and UV spectral ranges allow values that extends from 0.7-40.0 THz. The wide range of tunability of the WO 3 dielectric resonators nominates them as dielectric lenses suitable for optical communications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amorphous WO3 thin films designed as gigahertz/terahertz dielectric lenses

Qasrawi

Alrub

Daragme

2021

Preprint

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“…Besides application in EC devices [6], these tungsten trioxide thin films embrace manifold applications e.g. photochromism [7], plasmonics [8], flexible displays [9], gas sensors [10], photocatalysis [11,12] or energy storage material [13,14], sometimes with combined functions [15,16]. Despite this rising demand of sodium-based electrochemical devices, the EC community is not yet intensively involved on the synthesis, characterization and development of sodium-based EC devices and individual components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards enhanced durability of electrochromic WO3 interfaced with liquid or ceramic sodium-based electrolytes

Zimmer

Tresse

Stein

et al. 2020

Electrochimica Acta

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The reversible intercalation of sodium ion into tungsten oxide WO 3 appears as an interesting alternative to hydrogen or lithium ion reduction in order to get the characteristic transition from clear transparent to bluish coloration in electrochromic devices, but it has been comparatively less considered. In order to address further viable all-ceramic devices based on sodium ion intercalation and overcome the issue of WO 3 degradation in aqueous media, three configurations of WO 3 thin film-based electrochromic half-cells were tested, namely in (i) aqueous acidified Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte, (ii) room temperature ionic liquid BEPipTFSI electrolyte and (iii) aqueous acidified Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte associated with an amorphous NASICON-cap onto WO 3 film. We compared their electro-optical characteristics during 100 voltammetry cycles, including the Na + diffusion coefficient calculated through electrochemical method. It is found that sputter-deposited amorphous WO 3 thin films on transparent conductive substrates is promising for electrochromic all-ceramic devices based on Na ion insertion. Electrochemical characterization in aqueous medium is not relevant to extract relevant data when WO 3 is in direct contact with the electrolyte as the electrochromic film is progressively dissolved. In contrast, WO 3 capped with oxide amorphous Na-ion conductor readily operates over 100 cycles, the capping layer preventing degradation by the aqueous medium. Alternatively, ionic liquid does not degrade the WO 3 film and can be employed to efficiently characterize the electro-optical performances.

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“…Tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ), the most widely studied and used electrochromic material, has been studied for many years since having been found by Deb in the 1960s, thanks to its attractive characteristics of high coloring efficiency, good optical modulation ability and decent chemical stability in the field of electrochromism [3][4][5][6]. It is remarkable that WO 3 with various crystalline structures by different synthesis methods is extensively appropriate for diverse device applications [7][8][9], such as the electrochromic smart window [10,11], rear-view automatic-dimming rearview mirror [12], gas sensor device [13][14][15], and military camouflage [16], etc. A large variety of techniques can be used to prepare WO 3 thin films, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [17], physical vapor deposition (PVD) [18] and wet chemical deposition methods base on solution [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Ammonium Tungsten Precursor Solution with the Modification of Glycerol on Wide Band Gap WO3 Thin Film and Its Electrochromic Properties

et al. 2020

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Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is a wide band gap semiconductor material, which is commonly not only used, but also investigated as a significant electrochromic layer in electrochromic devices. WO3 films have been prepared by inorganic and sol-gel free ammonium tungstate ((NH4)2WO4), with the modification of glycerol using the spin coating technique. The surface tension, the contact angle and the dynamic viscosity of the precursor solutions demonstrated that the sample solution with a 25% volume fraction of glycerol was optimal, which was equipped to facilitate the growth of WO3 films. The thermal gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) analysis represented that the optimal sample solution transformed into the WO3 range from 220 °C to 300 °C, and the transformation of the phase structure of WO3 was taken above 300 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra analysis indicated that the composition within the film was WO3 above the 300 °C annealing temperature, and the component content of WO3 was increased with the increase in the annealing temperature. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed that WO3 films were available for the formation of the cubic and monoclinic crystal structure at 400 °C, and were preferential for growing monoclinic WO3 when annealed at 500 °C. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images showed that WO3 films prepared using ammonium tungstate with modification of the glycerol possessed less rough surface roughness in comparison with the sol-gel-prepared films. An ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV) demonstrated that the sample solution which had been annealed at 400 °C obtained a high electrochromic modulation ability roughly 40% at 700 nm wavelength, as well as the optical band gap (Eg) of the WO3 films ranged from 3.48 eV to 3.37 eV with the annealing temperature increasing.

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Flexible electrochromic tape using steel foil with WO3 thin film

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Amorphous WO3 thin films designed as gigahertz/terahertz dielectric lenses

Amorphous WO3 thin films designed as gigahertz/terahertz dielectric lenses

Towards enhanced durability of electrochromic WO3 interfaced with liquid or ceramic sodium-based electrolytes

Effect of the Ammonium Tungsten Precursor Solution with the Modification of Glycerol on Wide Band Gap WO3 Thin Film and Its Electrochromic Properties

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