Flexible EBG‐backed PIFA based on conductive textile and PDMS for wearable applications

Gao, Guoping; Wang, Shaofei; Zhang, Ruifeng; Yang, Chen; Hu, Bin

doi:10.1002/mop.32224

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“… Year size of proposed design (mm 3 ) Type of substrate No. of unit cells Gain (dBi) Efficiency (%) FBR (dB) SAR W/kg [ 17 ] 2018 81 × 81 × 4 Fabric 3 × 3 7.3 71 17 0.230 [ 18 ] 2019 66.8 × 66.8 × 5 Polyimide 2 × 2 7.47 – 20 0.15 [ 19 ] 2020 75.7 × 75.7 × 6.1 Felt & Ultralam3850 3 × 3 6.379 38.84 14 0.022 [ 20 ] 2020 60 × 60 × 8.5 PDMS 3 × 3 6.56 70.7 – 0.612 [ 21 ] 2020 145 × 112 × 3.424 Jeans 4 × 3 6.19 61 – – [ 22 ] 2020 50 × 25.7 × 5 Felt 1 × 2 4.06 ...…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C-shaped antenna based artificial magnetic conductor structure for wearable IoT healthcare devices

et al. 2021

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A wearable C-shaped antenna based on a fabric material operating at 2.4 GHz frequency is proposed for use in flexible/wearable IoT medical systems. The wearable IoT device plays a key role in medical applications, and the antenna is a key part of it. Loading the presented antenna on the body models showed a frequency detuned with the gain and efficiency reduced from 1. 28 to −9 dB and 90% to 10%. In addition, the SAR did not meet the safety health requirement defined by the FCC or ICNIRP standards. Therefore, an “Artificial Magnetic Conductor” structure (AMC) is added to the C-shaped antenna to overcome these problems. The AMC acts as shielding material between the human skin and the presented antenna because of its 0° reflection phase, which mimics the action of the Perfect Magnetic Conductor (PMC). The overall size of the proposed design was 54 × 54 × 3.9 mm 3 . Numerical and experimental findings indicated that integrating the AMC structures with a C-shaped antenna was robust for body deformation and load. The C-shaped antenna worked equally well with the AMC, whether positioned in free space or on the chest or the arm of the human body. The integrated antenna with AMC structures has excellent performances. The gain and efficiency without loading on the chest were 6.49 dB and 84%, respectively. While for loaded on the chest were 6.21 dB and 81%, respectively. It also decreased the back radiation and raised the Front to Back Ration (FBR) by 13.8 dB. SAR levels have been reduced by more than 90% between the FCC and ICNIRP standards compared to the C-shaped antenna alone, which does not comply with the standards. As a result, the C-shaped integration with AMC structures is highly suitable for assembly in any wearable system. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11276-021-02770-4.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C-shaped antenna based artificial magnetic conductor structure for wearable IoT healthcare devices

et al. 2021

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“…The bandwidth was also improved compared to the traditional square patch due to the lower Q factor [35]. The total size of the final design is 45 × 45 × 0.7 mm 3 (0.37λo×0.37λo×0.006 mm 3 ), which is compact compared to the structures previously described in [7], [13], [14]- [32]. Fig.…”

Section: His Designmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Thus, high impedance surface (HIS) structures are introduced in the design of wearable antennas to provide isolation between the body and the antenna and to allow the SAR levels to comply with the safety limits set by the FCC. On the other hand, these structures still have some disadvantages that remain unresolved, such as low front to back ratio (FBR) [14]- [17], designed on semi-flexible substrate that cannot stand for several degrees of bending [18], [19], and electrically large or thick for wearable devices [20]- [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Fabric High Impedance Surface-Enabled Antenna for Wearable Medical Applications

et al. 2021

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“…In this paper, a fully textile antenna with novel EBG for WBAN applications at 2.4 GHz is proposed. This work lays on the bandgap feature (Dispersion Diagram Technique) of EBG that cannot be demonstrated by earlier reported wearable EBG structures [ 8 , 11 , 12 , 14 – 16 , 18 , 19 , 22 , 23 , 25 ]. The bandgap feature is controlled by vias, such as in the case of mushroom-like EBG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Via-less electromagnetic band-gap-enabled antenna based on textile material for wearable applications

et al. 2021

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A compact fabric antenna structure integrated with electromagnetic bandgap structures (EBGs) covering the desired frequency spectrum between 2.36 GHz and 2.40 GHz for Medical Body-Area Networks (MBANs), is introduced. The needs of flexible system applications, the antenna is preferably low-profile, compact, directive, and robust to the human body's loading effect have to be satisfied. The EBGs are attractive solutions for such requirements and provide efficient performance. In contrast to earlier documented EBG backed antenna designs, the proposed EBG behaved as shielding from the antenna to the human body, reduced the size, and acted as a radiator. The EBGs reduce the frequency detuning due to the human body and decrease the back radiation, improving the antenna efficiency. The proposed antenna system has an overall dimension of 46×46×2.4 mm3. The computed and experimental results achieved a gain of 7.2 dBi, a Front to Back Ratio (FBR) of 12.2 dB, and an efficiency of 74.8%, respectively. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) demonstrates a reduction of more than 95% compared to the antenna without EBGs. Moreover, the antenna performance robustness to human body loading and bending is also studied experimentally. Hence, the integrated antenna-EBG is a suitable candidate for many wearable applications, including healthcare devices and related applications.

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Flexible EBG‐backed PIFA based on conductive textile and PDMS for wearable applications

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

C-shaped antenna based artificial magnetic conductor structure for wearable IoT healthcare devices

C-shaped antenna based artificial magnetic conductor structure for wearable IoT healthcare devices

Fully Fabric High Impedance Surface-Enabled Antenna for Wearable Medical Applications

Via-less electromagnetic band-gap-enabled antenna based on textile material for wearable applications

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