Flexible design and operation of multi-stage reverse osmosis desalination process for producing different grades of water with maintenance and cleaning opportunity

Al‐Obaidi, Mudhar A.; Rasn, Kouther Hasheem; Aladhwani, S.H.; Kadhom, Mohammed; Mujtaba, Iqbal M.

doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2022.04.028

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…• The concept of membrane cleaning using air bubble injection is vigorous to be studied. This in turn would mitigate the propensity of fouling of reverse osmosis membranes and enhancing desalination efficiency and reducing maintenance frequency [53]. • It is important to examine the effects of dissolved gases produced by bubbles that have been injected on the desalination process, and consider strategies for managing their presence.…”

Section: Recommendations For Further Improvement Of Integrated Air Bu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Examination of Air-Bubble Injection Mechanisms for Optimising Heat Transfer in Industrial Applications

Rashid,

Basem,

Al-Obaidi

et al. 2023

IJHT

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The optimisation of heat transfer, which is the transition of thermal energy from regions of high temperature to those of lower temperature, is a cornerstone in the field of thermal sciences and engineering. It is of vital importance to maximise energy efficiency, ensure system performance, and uphold operational reliability across numerous industrial applications. In this context, recent investigations have explored the modification of heat transfer rates through the turbulence induced by air-bubble injections. The technique has found application in heat exchangers, solar stills, and solar collectors, where it can be employed to either augment or attenuate heat transmission. The majority of the research has been dedicated to enhancing thermal efficiency, with both theoretical models and experimental data underpinning our current understanding. This review provides a critical analysis of over 45 studies from the literature, which have examined the implications of air bubble injection across various realms of industry, including heat exchangers, water desalination systems, solar collectors, and diverse media. Our analysis underscores the profound impact of heat transfer rates on process productivity, efficiency, and costeffectiveness across a gamut of applications. A range of industrial processes, such as cooling, heating, evaporation, and condensation, all rely heavily on efficient heat exchange. Enhancements in heat transfer rates hold the potential to curtail energy losses, reduce fuel consumption, and subsequently lower operational costs in industrial applications like solar thermal systems. Moreover, efficient heat transfer is pivotal in minimising temperature variations, thereby contributing to consistent outcomes.

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Section: Recommendations For Further Improvement Of Integrated Air Bu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Examination of Air-Bubble Injection Mechanisms for Optimising Heat Transfer in Industrial Applications

Rashid,

Basem,

Al-Obaidi

et al. 2023

IJHT

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“…Nonetheless, it must be pointed out that RO process does not require a phase change of feed stream, which explains the growing interest of the membrane-based method for brine desalination. In order to desalinate the high-salinity brine, the RO membrane module would have to operate at a much higher pressure condition to separate water from the highly concentrated solution [ 13 ]. One of the latest approaches to improve the efficiency of hypersaline brine desalination is by employing osmotically assisted reverse osmosis (OARO), which combines both forward osmosis (FO) and RO principles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Hypersaline Brine Desalination Using Spiral Wound Membrane: A Parametric Study

et al. 2023

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Desalination of hypersaline brine is known as one of the methods to cope with the rising global concern on brine disposal in high-salinity water treatment. However, the main problem of hypersaline brine desalination is the high energy usage resulting from the high operating pressure. In this work, we carried out a parametric analysis on a spiral wound membrane (SWM) module to predict the performance of hypersaline brine desalination, in terms of mass transfer and specific energy consumption (SEC). Our analysis shows that at a low inlet pressure of 65 bar, a significantly higher SEC is observed for high feed concentration of brine water compared with seawater (i.e., 0.08 vs. 0.035) due to the very low process recovery ratio (i.e., 1%). Hence, an inlet pressure of at least 75 bar is recommended to minimise energy consumption. A higher feed velocity is also preferred due to its larger productivity when compared with a slightly higher energy requirement. This study found that the SEC reduction is greatly affected by the pressure recovery and the pump efficiencies for brine desalination using SWM, and employing them with high efficiencies (ηR ≥ 95% and ηpump ≥ 50%) can reduce SEC by at least 33% while showing a comparable SEC with SWRO desalination (<5.5 kWh/m3).

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“…To meet the needs of freshwater demands, different desalination technologies have been proposed and developed for desalting saline water or seawater, which is available in abundance. For instance, multi-effect distillation (MED) [ 2 , 3 ], multi-stage flash (MSF) [ 4 ], reverse osmosis (RO) [ 5 ], mechanical vapor compression (MVC) [ 6 ], and thermal vapor compression (TVC) [ 7 ] have been widely applied for centralized and large-scale freshwater production from salty water. Most of these desalination systems require huge amounts of energy for their operation and are mostly suitable for large-scale applications [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of a Plate–Frame Water Gap Membrane Distillation System for Seawater Desalination

Lawal,

Abdulazeez,

Alsalhy

et al. 2023

Membranes

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This study presented a detailed investigation into the performance of a plate–frame water gap membrane distillation (WGMD) system for the desalination of untreated real seawater. One approach to improving the performance of WGMD is through the proper selection of cooling plate material, which plays a vital role in enhancing the gap vapor condensation process. Hence, the influence of different cooling plate materials was examined and discussed. Furthermore, two different hydrophobic micro-porous polymeric membranes of similar mean pore sizes were utilized in the study. The influence of key operating parameters, including the feed water temperature and flow rate, was examined against the system vapor flux and gained output ratio (GOR). In addition, the used membranes were characterized by means of different techniques in terms of surface morphology, liquid entry pressure, water contact angle, pore size distribution, and porosity. Findings revealed that, at all conditions, the PTFE membrane exhibits superior vapor flux and energy efficiency (GOR), with 9.36% to 14.36% higher flux at a 0.6 to 1.2 L/min feed flow rate when compared to the PVDF membrane. The copper plate, which has the highest thermal conductivity, attained the highest vapor flux, while the acrylic plate, which has an extra-low thermal conductivity, recorded the lowest vapor flux. The increasing order of GOR values for different cooling plates is acrylic < HDPE < copper < aluminum < brass < stainless steel. Results also indicated that increasing the feed temperature increases the vapor flux almost exponentially to a maximum flux value of 30.36 kg/m2hr. The system GOR also improves in a decreasing pattern to a maximum value of 0.4049. Moreover, a long-term test showed that the PTFE membrane, which exhibits superior hydrophobicity, registered better salt rejection stability. The use of copper as a cooling plate material for better system performance is recommended, while cooling plate materials with very low thermal conductivities, such as a low thermally conducting polymer, are discouraged.

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Flexible design and operation of multi-stage reverse osmosis desalination process for producing different grades of water with maintenance and cleaning opportunity

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

An Examination of Air-Bubble Injection Mechanisms for Optimising Heat Transfer in Industrial Applications

An Examination of Air-Bubble Injection Mechanisms for Optimising Heat Transfer in Industrial Applications

Performance of Hypersaline Brine Desalination Using Spiral Wound Membrane: A Parametric Study

Experimental Investigation of a Plate–Frame Water Gap Membrane Distillation System for Seawater Desalination

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