Flexible CPW fed transparent antenna for WLAN and sub‐6 GHz 5G applications

Abstract

A transparent flexible co‐planar waveguide fed patch antenna using polyethylene terephthalate substrate is presented. The wideband high gain antenna having an overall dimension of 0.48λ × 0.64λ at the center frequency of 4.28 GHz is fabricated using a transparent sheet made up of Silver Tin Oxide (AgHT‐8). The performance of the proposed antenna is compared with four other nontransparent nonflexible and semitransparent flexible antennas. For the engineered design, patch geometry and feeding mechanism are kept constant whereas the substrate and patch materials are varied. Simulations are carried out using finite element method‐based full wave high‐frequency structure simulator after which the antennas are fabricated and tested. The proposed flexible transparent antenna has bandwidth in order of 40%, ranging from 3.89 to 5.9 GHz, with a notable gain over 3 dBi and efficiency greater than 80% for the entire frequency band. The bending conditions are also tested for the flexible transparent antenna which showed decent performance for sub‐6 GHz 5G and WLAN applications.

Transparent Antenna for Green Communication Feature: A Systematic Review on Taxonomy Analysis, Open Challenges, Motivations, Future Directions and Recommendations

“…The challenges in terms of materials are categorized into six parts: (1) Replace traditional materials with TCM or new materials for the antenna [41,55,69], (2) Difficulty for fabrication, especially to produce thin transparent metallic film [50], (3) Material performance limitation that can limit research work on transparent antenna [32,58,67], (4) Materials that affect antenna design [48], 5Costly and rare materials that have not been assessed [14]. For instance, although ITO is commonly used, it is costly and brittle due to its rare-earth indium component [27], [30], and (6) Materials that have not been examined in light of design and materials loss [32]. Referring to the application for microwave frequencies, the addition of dense dielectric patch antenna (DDPA) can be applied to create patch antennas made of novel materials, in order to focus on the different challenges of complex wireless communications in future [73].…”

“…It is one of the challenges highlighted in the literature. Transparent antennas have become a major hit in the field of antennas despite lacking in flexibility characteristics [76], [27], [69]. Drawbacks of mechanical flexibility were reported in antennas, except for antennas made from conductive polymers materials that displayed promising potential [75].…”

“…The number of installed antennas is indeed growing. Transparent antennas give more degree of ability in the installation, as they can be located in the window, photovoltaic panels, and even with light sources [27], [88].…”

“…Shows the Network Analyzer. [75], [73], [44], [82] network analyzers [64] spectrum analyzer [89], [68] [55], [54] Agilent 8722es network analyzer network analyzer Agilent n9912a [47], [43], [53] network analyzers VNA [36] Keysight n9917a network analyzer [27,32] Keysight VNA 9912a [39] anritsu ms2830a spectrum analyzer [71] Agilent e5071c network analyzer [40] [74] Keysight PNA 5225a network analyzer anritsu me7808a network analyzer [57] Keysight 8720es VNA [45] 2993 VNA [48] RF network analyzer (e5071b, Agilent technologies) [60] anritsu ms2037c VNA master series combinational analyzer [84] Agilent PNA-X VNA [37] hp8410c network analyzer [72] Agilent e5057c network analyzer [28] Keysight handheld n9915a vector network analyzer…”

Compact Wideband Four Element Optically Transparent MIMO Antenna for mm-Wave 5G Applications

“…5G is expected to deliver higher data to a greater number of devices with higher consistency and lower latency than previous technologies. The frequency band working in mm-wave is explored which can accommodate a larger group of subscribers as it offers numerous advantages, such as high resolution, data transfer at high-speed, smaller form factor allowing smaller dimensions of antenna sizes, low interference making systems with higher immunity towards cramming, cost-effectiveness and increased security making the mm-wave band an ideal candidate for 5G technology [1][2]. Such technology demands upgraded communication systems that can offer better spectral efficiency antennas with restricted power levels.…”