Flexible Charging Coordination for Plug-in Electric Vehicles based on Uniform Stochastic Charging Demand and Time-of-Use Tariff

Optimization of Aggregated EV Power in Residential Communities with Smart Homes

“…where T oU s , T oU e stand for high ToU start and end time, respectively; P E,i,min is the minimum power required to charge EV at house i to 100% at the last time step. The individual EV charging power is shown (5). EVs were charged to 100% SOC at 6:00 the next morning (Fig.…”

“…Even though the random nature of human behavior dominates the individual EV performance, the aggregated EV charging load is subject to probability distributions according to the data. Previous research has modeled the aggregated EV charging load based on EV arrival time, arrival SOC, and charging finish time [5], [6].…”

Load Guided Signal-Based Two-Stage Charging Coordination of Plug-In Electric Vehicles for Smart Buildings

“…Since the two energy tariffs are different, building operators can choose an electricity seller including the grid and PEV owners by comparing the price information. Also, South Korea 's ToU tariffs change each season as shown in Table 4 [17]. The PEV owners and building operators coordinate to purchase or sell energy by referring to Table 4 to minimize energy costs.…”

“…In general, individual PEV owner's desire the cost benefit maximization by controlling the charging/discharging operation of batteries. However, the limited electrical resources of the building is unable to accommodate all requirements of PEVs, and the high energy demands of a PEV fleet is generated in a low-price timezone in [17]. Therefore, energy flexibility is defined by jointly evaluating the electrical equipment of the building and the price information.…”

“…In a residential energy system, fair charging and discharging between PEVs is performed to reduce peak power. Moreover, reference [17] evaluates the charging priority to mitigate charging service conflicts and reduce the energy cost in the office environment.…”